Page 304 - DEDU502_GUIDANCE_AND_COUNSELING_HINDI

funsZ'ku rFkk ijke'kZ

uksV bl ijh{k.k esa izR;sd iz'u dk mÙkj nsrs le; ijh{kkFkhZ viuh ilUn (L)] ukilUn (D) rFkk mnklhurk (I) dk
izn'kZu djrk gSA L, D rFkk I dk vFkZ gS Liking, Dis-liking rFkk In-differentA
bl izi=k iz'kklu (administration) lkewfgd :i ls fd;k tkrk gSA bl izi=k dk iz;ksx 17 o"kZ ls vfèkd vk;q
osQ O;fDr;ksa osQ fy;s mi;qDr jgrk gSA 15&16 o"kZ osQ ifjiDo fd'kksjksa ij Hkh bldk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
pw¡fd] ;g ,d 'kkfCnd ijh{k.k gS vr% bls f'kf{kr O;fDr;ksa ,oa dkfyt fo|k£Fk;ksa ij gh iz'kkflr fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A dfBu 'kCnksa osQ iz;ksx ,oa tfVy fopkjksa osQ dkj.k ;g ijh{kk gkbZLowQy rFkk de mez osQ cPpksa gsrq vuqi;qDr
jgrh gSA bl ijh{k.k osQ lEiknu esa yxHkx 40&50 feuV dk le; yxrk gS] oqQN O;fDr vkèks ?kaVs esa gh mÙkj
ns nsrs gSa vkSj oqQN nks ?k.Vs ls Hkh vfèkd le; ysrs gSaA ;|fi] izi=k dh le;&lhek ugha gS] fiQj Hkh] ijh{kkFkhZ
dks ;Fkk'kh?kz izi=k Hkjus osQ fy;s dgk tkuk pkfg,A
izi=k dk vadu (Scoring) vyx&vyx is'kksa osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gS rFkk izR;sd is'ks osQ vadu gsrq yxHkx 20
feuV dk le; yxrk gSA vadu osQ ckn] izkIr vadksa dks A, B rFkk C bu rhu oxZ Jsf.k;ksa esa cny fn;k tkrk
gSA oxZ Js.kh A dk vFkZ gS fd O;fDr dh #fp;k¡ mu yksxksa tSlh gSa tks ml is'ks esa yxs gq, gSa] vr% ;g O;fDr
ml dk;Z esa vkuUn ysxk vkSj liQyrk izkIr djsxkA oxZ Js.kh B dk vFkZ gS fd ;g O;fDr ml is'ks esa yxs O;fDr;ksa
tSlh #fp;k¡ j[krk gS vkSj ;fn ml is'ks dks pqu ys] rks 'kk;n liQy gks tk;A oxZ Js.kh C dk vFkZ gS fd ml
O;fDr dh #fp;k¡ ml is'ks ls esy ugha [kkrha] vr% og ml is'ks esa lek;kstu LFkkfir ugha dj ldrkA B oxZ
+
Js.kh B gks ldrh gS] ysfdu C, Js.kh A ugha gks ldrh] pkgs C oxZ Js.kh okyk O;fDr ml is'ks osQ fy, izf'k{k.k
dks D;ksa u ik ys vkSj Hkys gh mlosQ ikl lHkh ;ksX;rk,¡ Hkh D;ksa u gksaA
ijh{k.k dh oSèkrk Kkr djus osQ fy, vusd dlkSfV;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS] tSlsμO;kolkf;d izf'k{k.k osQ i'pkr~
dk;Z esa liQyrk] fo|ky; ,oa dkyst osQ fofHkUu oxks± osQ lkFk lg&lEcUèk vkfnA ijh{k.k dh fo'oluh;rk iqu%
ijh{k.k fofèk rFkk v¼Z&foVkiu (Split-half) fofèk }kjk Kkr dh xbZ rFkk fo'oluh;rk xq.kkad 85 vk;kA
lhek,¡ (Limitations)

izi=k dh izeq[k lhek,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
1- O;fDr viuh #fp;ksa osQ ckjs esa tks fu.kZ; nsrk gS] mldh lR;rk ij iz'ufpÉ yxk jgrk gSA
2- ;g vuqeku yxkuk dfBu gS fd O;fDr dh #fp LFkk;h gS rFkk mlosQ O;fDrRo dk ,d vax gSA gks ldrk
gS] fd fdlh O;olk; esa iM+ tkus osQ dkj.k #fp tkx`r gqbZ gksA
3- #fp;ksa osQ vLFkk;h Lo:i osQ dkj.k] orZeku #fp;ksa osQ vkèkkj ij Hkkoh O;kolkf;d liQyrk dh ?kks"k.kk
djuk loZFkk vuqi;qDr gSA

4- LVªkax dk ;g dguk fd izR;sd O;olk; osQ fy;s vyx #fp;k¡ gksrh gSa] de fo'oluh; gS] D;ksafd] #fp;ksa
esa izfrPNknu (over-lapping) gksrk gS rFkk vusd O;olk;ksa esa ,d&lh gh #fp;ksa dh vko';drk iM+rh
gSA

5- fd'kksj ckydksa dh #fp;k¡ LFkk;h ugha gksrha] vr% orZeku #fp;ksa osQ vkèkkj ij ,sls ckydksa dh Hkkoh
O;kolkf;d liQyrk dk iwoZdFku djuk vuqfpr gSA
6- ijh{kkFkhZ }kjk fd;s x;s fu.kZ;ksa dh] i;kZIrrk ,oa 'kq¼rk ls tk¡p djuk lEHko ugha gSA
7- O;kolkf;d #fp;ksa dk lewgksa esa oxhZdj.k fd;k tkuk vfèkd oSKkfud ugha gS] D;ksafd] vusd O;olk;ksa
esa ,d gh izdkj dh fozQ;k,¡ ,oa :fp;k¡ lEHko gSaA
mijksDr lhekvksa ds ckotwn Hkh vkt bl izi=k dk iz;ksx O;kidrk ls fd;k tk jgk gSA blesa lUnsg ugha fd LVªkax
dk ;g izi=k vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ ,oa mi;ksxh gSA

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