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Educational Management

Notes Questionnaire (LOQ) to gather data about the self-perceptions that leaders would have about
their own leadership style.
2. The Leader Opinion Questionnaire (LOQ) : This tool measures leader’s orientation around
two major factors-Structure and Consideration. This is a 40-items questionnaire divided into the
foregoing two factors. The items are presented with a fivepoint continuum with scoring weights
of lower case zero to four depending on items orientation to total dimension. It had been
published in 1960 by Science Research Associates Inc. Chicago, Illinois. The scale is sold as
Leadership Opinion-Questionnaire by Edwin A Fleishman. It was first presented in Ralph M.
Stogdill and Alvin E. Coons, eds, Leader Behaviours; Its Description and Measurement, columbus,
Ohio State University, Bureau of Business Research, 1957.
3. Supervisory Behaviour Description (SBD) : This measures perceptions of subordinates of
the leadership behaviour demonstrated by their immediate superior. It yields scores on two
factors-structure and consideration. All questions are worded in terms of “What does your own
supervisor actually do ?” This is a 48-item questionnaire divided into two independent areas of
leadership called “initiating structure” and “consideration”. The first area includes 20 items
and the second is made up of 28 items. The items are responded in terms of a five-point
continuum having scores from 0 to 4. Highest possible score on consideration comes to be 112
and on “initiation”, it comes to be 80. It is published by E.A. Fleishman under the title. “A
Leader Behaviour Description for Industry” in Stogdill (Ed) Leader Behaviour : Its Description and
Management.

4. Leader Effectiveness And Adaptability Description (LEAD) : This tool was developed by
Hersey and Blanchard. It was designed to measure three aspects of leader behaviour : (i) style
of leadership, (ii) range of leadership style, and (iii) style adaptability. Formerly known as the
Leader Adaptability and Style Inventory (LASI) the tools is based on situational leadership
theory. It has two forms : LEAD (self) and LEAD (others). LEAD (self) is administered to the
managers to assess their own styles of management as perceived by themselves. LEAD (others)
is administered to subordinates to know how the leader-styles are perceived by the subordinates.
Items are the same in both forms of the tool. Only the instructions for administering the tool
differ. The LEAD (self) and LEAD (others) can be ordered from the center for leadership, studies,
Ohio University, Athens (Ohio) 45701.
The tool consists of 12 items or situations. For each situation four alternative response, i.e., style
of management are also given out of which one has to be ticked by the manager. Having
responded to all the items, they are scored as directed in the manual. This determines the styles
of the manager, Style range and style adaptability are also found out.

What is LOQ

Self Assessment

1. Fill in the blanks :
(i) The concept of ______ is a social nation.
(ii) The Philosophical approach was developed by ______.
(iii) ______ developed a theory of leadership in which neither situational characteristics nor
leader characteristics alone accounted for ______.
(iv) The Fiedler’s Contingancy theory of leadership emphasizes that the suitability of leadership
style depends upon the ______.

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