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Unit 11: Leadership Style and Theories of Leadership

(v) ______ and Phillip yetton’s contingancy theory can be described as a ______ Notes
(vi) Hassely’s and Blanchord’s situational theory is also known as ______ of leadership.

11.5 Summary

• Management of any organization, education or otherwise, may be defined as working with the
through individuals and groups of individuals to accomplish its goals.
• Leadership in education; and leadership in education, in turn, implies efficient and effective
ways of achieving the institutional goals. Effective leader-managers are the basic and scarcest
resources of any enterprise.
• The concept of leadership is a social notion. It was formally developed during the 1960s to
emphasize the ability of the leader to influence the people in his organization in order to achieve
the organizationl goals.
• Theories of Leadership
• Philosophical Approach
• The kind of philosophy about other people that a leader has determines his leadership
behaviour. This was the approach. developed by Douglas McGregor. According to him the
leadership style is determined by the way a leader perceives his subordinates by the
assumptions that he makes about the human nature and human motivation.
• The Trait Theory of Leadership
• Prior to 1960 it was assumed that effective leaders have certain unique personality qualities.
Everyone can not succeed as a leader. Only those persons who are endowed with certain
personality traits are likely to succeed as leaders.
• A large number of researches were counducted with this aim in view But, the results were
disappointing. As early as 1948 Ralph Stogdil, after a thorough survey of literature, had
concluded that there was little to support the hypothesis that personality traits were related
to effective leadership.
• Behaviour Theroies of Leadership
• These approaches focussed on not what leaders are like, but on what they do to help groups
accomplish their tasks. The major assumption underlying these theories was that leadership is
a highly dynamic relationship between an individual and other members of the group in a
specific environment.
• Research based on behaviour approach to leadership was initiated in 1945 by the Bureau of
Business Research at Ohio in the U.S.A. These studies attempted to identify those behaviours of
leaders which contributed to their success and effectiveness.
• Andrew Halpin used these dimensions for describing the leader behaviour of school
superintendents. He defined them as follows:
(i) Initiating Structure : This means making efforts to establish well defined patterns of
organization, channels of communication, methods and procedures of work, and to specify
the relationship between himself and the members of his group.
(ii) Consideration : This refers to behaviours indicative of friendship, mutual trust, respect
and warmth in the relationship between the leader and the members of his staff.
• Systems-Oriented Behaviour Dimension : Iis consists of the following six types of behaviours:
(i) Production emphasis
(ii) Initiating structure

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