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Unit 17: Educational Supervision: Meaning, Nature and Types

17.3 Nature of Supervision Notes

In order to carry on instruction, we take the help of administration and supervision. From the
standpoint of their contribution to education of students, administration is subordinate to supervision.
The purpose of supervision is to bring about a continuing improvement in the instructional
programme. Administration executes and directs, but supervision advises, stimulates, explains,
leads, guides and assists.
Characteristics of Supervision

It has the following feature :
(1) It is a creative an dynamic expert technical service,
(2) It provides leadership with extra knowledge and superior skills,
(3) It promotes cooperative educational effort in a friendly atmosphere,
(4) It gives coordination, direction and guidance to teacher’s activities,
(5) It stimulates the continuous growth of teachers and development of pupils.
(6) It improves instruction and the teaching-learning situation and the process,
(7) It helps achievement of appropriate educational aims and objectives.
Thus Supervision is a creative and dynamic process giving friendly guidance and direction to teachers and
pupils for improving themselves and the teaching-learning situation of the accomplishment of the desired
goals of education.

17.4 Scope of Supervision

The major functions logically under school supervision can be cited as :
Inspection : This is actually a study of school conditions, to discover problems or defects of the
students, teachers, equipment, school curriculum, objectives and methods. This could be done via
actual observation, educational tests, conference, questionnaires and checklists.
Research : This has something to do to remedy the weaknesses of the solution to solve problems
discovered. The supervisor should conduct research to discover means, methods and procedure
fundamental to the success of supervision. The solutions discovered are then passed on the teachers.
Training : This is acquainting teachers with solutions discovered in research through training.
Training may take the form of demonstration teaching, workshops, seminars, classroom observations,
individual or group conferences, intervisitation, professional classes or the use of bulletin board
and circulars, and writing suggestions in BPS Form 178.
Guidance : Guidance involved personal help given by someone. It is the function of supervision to
stimulate, direct, guide and encourage the teachers to apply instructional procedures, techniques,
principles and devices.
Evaluation : As an ultimate functions of supervision, evaluation appraises the outcomes and the
factors conditioning the outcomes of instructions and to improve the products and processes of
instructions.
Activities of Supervision : The activities logically that are falling under supervision can be
enumerated as :
1. survey of the school system;
2. improvement of classroom teaching;
3. in-service education of teachers;
4. selecting and organizing materials for instructions;

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