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Unit 26: Quality Improvement Issues in Higher Education

State Universities : A State University in India is established by the State Government, by State Notes
Legislature.
Deemed Universities : Institutions which have been accorded the status of a university with authority
to award their own degrees through central government notification.
Open University : Open University can be a central or state University imparting education
exclusively through distance mode in any branch or branches of knowledge.
Institutes of National Importance : Some of the higher education institutions are awarded the said
status of Institutes of National Importance by the act of Parliament.
Other Institutions : Include the Institutions established by State Legislative Act and colleges affiliated
to the University, both government-aided and -unaided.
Many of the universities along with their affiliated colleges have grown rapidly to the extent of
becoming unmanageable. Therefore, as per National Policy on Education, 1986, a scheme of
autonomous colleges was promoted. In the autonomous colleges, whereas the degree continues to
be awarded by the University, the name of the college is also included. The colleges develop and
propose new courses of study to the university for approval. They are also fully responsible for
conduct of examination.

The Universities are of various kinds, with a single faculty, or multi-faculties; teaching or
affiliating, or teaching cum affiliating, single campus or multiple campuses. Most of the
Universities are affiliating universities, which prescribe to the affiliated colleges the course
of study, hold examinations and award degrees, while undergraduate and to some extent
postgraduate colleges affiliated to them impart graduate instruction.

26.1.3 Regulatory Framework
The institutions imparting higher education at different levels are regulated by the following bodies:
University Grants Commission (UGC) set up under UGC Act 1956 is responsible for coordination,
determination, and maintenance of standards and release of grants to universities and research
organizations.
All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) has been established under the AICTE Act,
1987. The council is authorized to take all steps that are considered appropriate for ensuring
coordinated and integrated development of technical education and for maintenance of standards.
Medical Council of India (MCI) was set up by the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956, amended in
1993. The council is empowered to prescribe minimum standards for medical education required
for granting recognized medical qualifications by universities or medical institutions in India. The
Council is also responsible to give its recommendations to the Central Government for establishing
new medical colleges, opening of new or higher courses of study and increase in admission capacity
in any courses of study or training.
Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) has established various research centres in order
to meet the agricultural research and education needs of the country. It is actively pursuing human
resource development in the field of agricultural sciences by setting up numerous agricultural
universities spanning the entire country.
National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) is a statutory body set up under the National
Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993 to facilitate planned and coordinated development of the
teacher education system in the country, and for regulation and proper maintenance of norms and
standards in the teacher education system. The Council is empowered to grant recognition of
institutions offering courses or training in teacher education.

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