Page 316 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_ENGLISH

Educational Measurement and Evaluation

Notes • On the basis of measurement field, the tests can be divided into two classes as follows :
• Educational Tests : Educational tests are those tests by which educational achievements
and educational problems of the students are measured; such as—achievement tests and
diagnostic tests. They have been discussed in the related chapter in detail.
•. Psychological Tests :

• Classification on the Basic of Nature of the Tests
On the basis of the nature of the tests, they have been divided into three classes—oral, written
and practical.
• Oral Tests : Those tests in which the questions from the examinees are asked orally and
the examinees have to answer orally are called oral tests.

• Written Tests : The tests in which the examinees are given questions in written form and
which they respond in writing, are called written tests. In these tests any types of questions
can be asked as essay-type, short-answer-type and objective-type.
• Practical Tests : The tests in which the measurement of skills and activities of the students is
executed by asking them to display the skill or activity are called practical tests; such as
asking a child to sing a song in order to measure his proficiency in singing.
• The tests are classified into two types on the basis of material used in them, which are :
• Verbal Tests : This type of tests includes those tests in which words or language are used
which may be written or oral. Such tests are mostly used in the field of education.
• Non-Verbal Tests : This type of tests includes those tests in which words or language are
not used, rather scenery, symbols, signs, pictures, etc
• The essay type questions, should be according to the level of the class (as descriptive,
argumentative, analytical, etc.) They should be constructed in a simple and clear language.
• The language of the short answer type questions too should be easy and clear.
• Review of the Test : At this step, the test so prepared is reviewed by specialists on the basis
of which language errors and weightage given to different parts of the question are amended.
• The short-answer-type questions too are constructed in the same way. The objective-type
questions are constructed such that 27% questions can be answered by the students of higher
level only and 27% cab be answered by all.
• Selection of Questions after Testing of Preliminary Draft : In order to know of the errors of
the test, the test is administered on some students of the required level.

• It is necessary to understand the meaning of item analysis. The questions asked in a test are
called item of the test. By item analysis is meant numerical analysis of the obtained scores
of each item, the analysis of its validity and reliability, and deciding its suitability
accordingly.
• The difficulty level of a question or item is known from the percentage of students who
succeed to respond it correctly. The difficulty level of an item indicates whether it is easy or
difficult.
• Finding Out Difficulty Level of the Items : All specialists are of the opinion that the level of
difficulty of an item can be found out by comparing the number of students answering it
correctly with those of answering it incorrectly.

• It is a three column statement showing serial number of the questions, their expected outline
answer and the marks allotted to each value point under them.
• In respect of long answer or essay type questions, the expected outline answers should :
• be complete and cover all possible or major areas as demanded by the questions

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