Page 110 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

'kSf{kd ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu

uksV

ijh{k.k osQ inksa dk dfBukbZ&Lrj leku gksrk gS in dh dfBukbZ ijh{kkFkhZ dh tkudkjh
ij fuHkZj djrh gSA ;fn ijh{kkFkhZ dks in dh tkudkjh gS rks og ljy gksrk gS vkSj
;fn in dh tkudkjh ugha gS rks dfBu gksrk gSA

7-3 fo'oluh;rk dks izHkkfor djus okys ?kVd (Factors Affecting Reliability
of Test

,d ijh{k.k osQ fo'oluh;rk xq.kkad dks izHkkfor djus okys vusd dkjd gksrs gSa muesa ls izeq[k dkj.kksa dk mYys[k
vèkksfyf[kr gSμ
(1) ijh{k.k dk vkdkj vFkok ijh{k.k esa inksa dh la[;k (Length of the Test)μijh{k.k dh fo'oluh;rk
mlosQ vkèkkj ij fuHkZj gksrh gSA vFkkZr~ ftl ijh{k.k esa inksa dh la[;k vfèkd gksrh gS mldh fo'oluh;rk Hkh vfèkd
gSA fucUèkkRed ijh{k.kksa esa inksa ;k iz'uksa dh la[;k de gksrh gS blfy, fo'oluh; ugha gksrk gS vFkkZr~ izkIrkadksa
esa LFkkf;Ro ugha gksrk gS tcfd oLrqfu"V ijh{kkvksa esa inksa dh la[;k vfèkd gksrh gS blfy, og fo'oluh; vfèkd
gksrs gSaA inksa dh la[;k vfèkd gksus ls lEiw.kZ izdj.kksa dks lfEefyr dj fy;k tkrk gS ftlls okLrfod vadksa esa
o`f¼ gksrh gS vkSj fo'oluh;rk xq.kkad c<+ tkrk gSA
Lijh;jeSu czkmuμizksisQlh lw=k Hkh bl dkjd ls lEcfUèkr gS fd vkdkj c<+kus ls fo'oluh;rk xq.kkad c<+ tkrk
gSA v¼Z foPNsnh&fofèk esa bls iz;qDr fd;k x;k gSA nks [k.Mksa esa foHkkftr djosQ fo'oluh;rk vkèks ijh{k.k dh
gksrh gSA iw.kZ ijh{k.k osQ fy, lw=k dk iz;ksx dj fo'oluh;rk xq.kkad dh x.kuk dh tkrh gSA tcfd n = 2 vkSj
r 11 vkèks ijh{k.k dh fo'oluh;rk xq.kd gSA
22
nr 2r
t
t
r = t /2 /2 = t /2 /2
tt 1 + ( − n 1)r 1/ 2 / 2 1 + r 1/2 /2
t
t
(2) fo'oluh;rk xq.kkad dh fofèk;k¡ (Methods of Estimating Reliability)μ,d ijh{k.k dh fo'oluh;rk
Kkr djus osQ fy;s dbZ fofèk;ksa dks fn;k x;k gSA izR;sd fofèk }kjk fo'oluh;rk xq.kkad vyx&vyx izkIr gksrk
gSA bl izdkj fo'oluh;rk dh fofèk Hkh izHkkfor djrh gSA fo'oluh;rk xq.kkad osQ ckjs esa lkekU;hdj.k ugha
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
izFke nksuksa fofèk;ksa }kjk fo'oluh;rk xq.kkad okLrfod fo'oluh;rk ls de gksrk gS tcfd owQMj vkSj v¼Z foPNsn
fofèk }kjk okLrfod fo'oluh;rk ls vfèkd gksrk gS vkSj pfjrk fo'ys"k.k fofèk }kjk fo'oluh;rk osQ lehi gksrk
gSA bl izdkj fo'oluh;rk dh fofèk;k¡ Hkh bldks izHkkfor djrh gSA
(3) lewg dh fotkrh;rk (Group Heterogenwity)μfo'oluh;rk dks izHkkfor djus okyk rhljk ?kVd lewg
dh fotkrh;rk gSA fo'oluh;rk Kkr djus osQ fy;s ijh{k.k dks ftl lewg dks fn;k tkrk gS vkSj og ;fn fotkrh;
lewg gS rks izkIrkadksa dh pfjrk vfèkd gksxh vkSj fo'oluh;rk xq.kkad okLrfod ls de gksxkA ;fn ;g lewg
fotkrh; gS rks izkIrkadksa dh pfjrk de gksxh vkSj fo'oluh;rk xq.kkad vis{kkÑr vfèkd gksxkA bl rF; dks lw=k
ls Li"V dj ldrs gSaμ
σ 2 okLrfod vdaks dh pfjrk
a
fo'oluh;rk r = σ t 2 x = izkIrkda vda dh pfjrk
tt
lewg dh fotkrh;rk ls izkIrkadksa dh vad pfjrk vfèkd gksxh vkSj okLrofd vad pfjrk ogh jgsxh rks fo'oluh;rk
xq.kkad de gks tk;sxkA
SE = σ × (1 − r n )

ekiu =kqfV Hkh c<+ tk;sxhA

104 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY