Page 145 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI
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bdkbZ—10% in fo'ys"k.k% in dfBurk] foHksnhdj.k lwph] fod"kZu dh izHkko'khyrk
dks tkurs gSaA vr% dfBukbZ Lrj dh vèkksfyf[kr ifjHkk"kk vfèkd lgh gSA uksV
¶fdlh in dks ,d U;kn'kZ osQ ijh{kk£Fk;ksa dk fdrus vuqikr esa ml in osQ mÙkj dks okLrfod :i esa tkurs
gSaA ml vuqikr dks dfBukbZ Lrj lwpkad dgk tkrk gSA¸
“It means the difficulty value of an item may be defined as the proportion of certain sample of subject who
actually know the answer of an item.”
;g ifjHkk"kk okLro esa dfBukbZ Lrj dh ewy ifjHkk"kk gSA fdlh in dks ikl djus dh izfr'kr in dk lgh
dfBukbZ Lrj lwpkad ugha gks ldrk gSA lkèkkj.kr% dfBukbZ Lrj dks blh lUnHkZ esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gS]
tks okLro esa lgh ugha gSA
;g dfBukbZ Lrj dk lwpkad Kkr djrs le; vuqeku ls lgh djus dk lwpkad iz;qDr ugha fd;k tk;sxk rks
dfBukbZ Lrj lwpkad vfèkd izkIr gksxkA blfy, vko';d gS fd 'kq¼ dfBukbZ Lrj lwpkad osQ fy, vuqeku
ls lgh djus dk lw=k dk iz;ksx fd;k tk, rFkk djuk Hkh pkfg,A
(2) foHksnhdj.k 'kfDr vFkok in fo'oluh;rk dh ifjHkk"kk (Definition of Discriminating Power
or Item Reliability)μijh{k.k osQ in dh nwljh izeq[k fo'ks"krk mldh foHksnhdj.k dh 'kfDr gksrh gSA ;g fo'ks"krk
Hkh ijh{k.k dks lksís'; cukus esa vko';d gSA foHksnhdj.k dh 'kfDr ls rkRi;Z ;g gS fd og mPp ;ksX;rk okys
,oa fuEu ;ksX;rk okys Nk=kksa esa vUrj djrh gSA ;fn ijh{k.k osQ in esa ;g 'kfDr ugha gS] rks mldk p;u djuk
O;FkZ gS] vkSj ijh{k.k ls mís';ksa dh izkfIr ugha gks ldrh in fo'oluh;rk dh ifjHkk"kk bl izdkj gSμ
;fn ijh{k.k dk ,d in mPp vkSj fuEu lewg osQ ijh{kk£Fk;ksa esa fdl va'k rd vUrj djrk gS] mPp vkSj
fuEu lewg dks mlh izf'k{k.k osQ izkIrkadksa osQ vkèkkj ij fd;k gks rks mls in fo'oluh;rk vFkok foHksnhdj.k
'kfDr dgrs gSaA¸
“Item reliability may be defined as the degree to which an item differentiates between high and low groups,
they are high and low on the basis of the same test scores.”
in osQ foHksnhdj.k 'kfDr dk rkRi;Z ;g gksrk gS fd mPp vkSj fuEu oxZ osQ Nk=kksa esa fdl va'k rd vUrj
djrk gSA ;fn fdlh ijh{k.k osQ in dks mPp oxZ osQ ijh{kkFkhZ ftrus izfr'kr lgh dj ikrs gSa mrus gh izfr'kr
;fn fuEu oxZ osQ ijh{kkFkhZ lgh dj ysrs gSa rks in dh foHksnhdj.k dh 'kfDr 'kwU; gksxh vFkkZr~ og mPp vkSj
fuEu oxZ esa vUrj ugha dj ikrk gSA ;fn mPp oxZ osQ ijh{kk£Fk;ksa dh lgh djus dh izfr'kr fuEu oxZ osQ
Nk=kksa dh vis{kk vfèkd gksrh gS rks ml in dh foHksnhdj.k dh 'kfDr èkukRed gksrh gS vFkkZr~ og in mPp
vkSj fuEu oxZ esa vUrj dj ysrk gSA ,sls in dk gh p;u fd;k tkrk gSA mPp vkSj fuEu oxZ dk fuèkkZj.k
mlh ijh{k.k osQ izkIrkadksa osQ vkèkkj ij fd;k tkrk gSA
(3) in oSèkrk vFkok foHksnhdj.k 'kfDr (Definition of Item Validity or Discriminating
Power)μin osQ foHksnhdj.k dh 'kfDr dh x.kuk nks izdkj ls dh tkrh gSA tc mPp vkSj fuEu oxZ dk
fuèkkZj.k mlh ijh{k.k osQ izkIrkadksa osQ vkèkkj ij fd;k tkrk gS vkSj izR;sd in dk fo'ys"k.k djrs gSa fd
mPp vkSj fuEu oxZ esa fdl va'k rd vUrj djrk gS] rks mls in fo'oluh;rk dgk tkrk gS ftldk mYys[k
mijksDr iafDr;ksa esa fd;k x;k gSA
ijUrq tc mPp oxZ dk fuèkkZj.k fdlh vU; ekun.M ijh{k.k vFkok dlkSVh osQ vkèkkj ij fd;k tk;s rc fdlh
ijh{k.k osQ inksa dk fo'ys"k.k djsa fd bu mPp vkSj fuEu oxZ fdl va'k rd vUrj djrk gS rc mls in&oSèkrk
dgrs gSaA bldh ifjHkk"kk vèkksfyf[kr gSμ
;fn ijh{k.k dk ,d in mPp vkSj fuEu lewg osQ ijh{kk£Fk;ksa esa fdl va'k rd vUrj djrk gS] mPp vkSj
fuEu lewg dk fuèkkZj.k fdlh vU; ekun.M ijh{k.k osQ izkIrkadksa osQ vkèkkj ij fd;k gks rks in oSèkrk dgrs
gSaA vFkok foHksnhdj.k dh 'kfDr Hkh dgrs gSaA
“Item validity may be defined as the degree to which the item differentiate between high and low groups,
they are high and low on the basis of some criterion test score.”
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 139
