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Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University                                      bdkbZμ3% ekiu dh vuqekifu;k¡



                                                                                                     uksV
                              bdkbZμ3% ekiu dh vuqekifu;k¡
                               (Scales of Measurement)






              vuqØef.kdk (Contents)

              mís'; (Objectives)
              izLrkouk (Introduction)
              3-1 vçR;{k ekiu  (Indirect Measurement)

              3-2 izR;; ,oa lajpuk  (Concept and Construct)
              3-3 pj dk vFkZ  (Meaning of Variable)
              3-4 ekiu dh vuqekifu;k¡  (Sclaes of Measurement)

              3-5 ekiu dh eq[; fØ;k,¡  (Main Tasks of Measurement)
              3-6 lkjka'k  (Summary)
              3-7 'kCndks'k  (Keywords)

              3-8 vH;kl iz'u  (Review Questions)
              3-9 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ  (Further Readings)

            mís'; (Objectives)


            bl bdkbZ osQ vè;;u osQ i'pkr~ fo|kFkhZ ;ksX; gksaxs&
                  ekiu dh vuqekifu;ksa dks le>us vkSj O;k[;k djus esa

            izLrkouk (Introduction)

            f'k{kk rFkk euksfoKku esa ekiu dh izfØ;k fujis{k rFkk vizR;{k gksrh gSA fujis{k dk vFkZ gksrk gS fd HkkSfrd
            ekiu dh Hkk¡fr 'kwU; dk eku fujis{k ugha gksrk gS vfirq 'kwU; dk eku lkis{k gksrk gSA tSls fdlh fo"k;
            osQ ijh{k.k esa ,d Nk=k osQ vad 'kwU; izkIr gq, bldk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fd ml fo"k; esa mls dqN Hkh Kku
            ugha gS vfirq ijh{k.k esa lfEefyr iz'uksa dk Kku ugha gSA O;kogkfjd foKkuksa esa 'kwU; lUnHkZ fcUnq ugha gksrk
            gS vfirq lewg dk fu"iknu lUnHkZ fcUnq ekuk tkrk gSA D;ksafd ekiu dh izfØ;k lkis{k gksrh gSA

            f'k{kk esa ekiu dh lkis{krk dk vFkZ ,d mnkgj.k Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,d Nk=k osQ xf.kr esa 60 vad
            vkSj vaxzsth esa 29 vad izkIr fd;kA nksuksa fo"k;ksa osQ iw.kk±d 100 gSA bldk vFkZ gqvk 60 izfr'kr xf.kr esa
            29 izfr'kr vaxzsth esa vad izkIr fd;s xf.kr esa izFke Js.kh osQ vad rFkk vaxzsth esa ikl Hkh ugha gSA ijUrq
            tc d{kk f'k{kd ls tkudkjh dh xbZ rc f'k{kd us crk;k fd vaxzsth esa lcls vfèkd izkIr fd, vkSj xf.kr
            esa lcls de vad izkIr fd;s gSaA ;g vFkkZiu lewg osQ fu"iknu osQ lUnHkZ esa fd;k x;k gS tks vfèkd lkFkZd
            gSA ;gk¡ lkis{k ls rkRi;Z lewg osQ lUnHkZ esa Nk=k esa Nk=k dk fu"iknu fdl Lrj dk gSA bl bdkbZ esa ge
            ekiu dh vuqekifu;ksa dk vè;;u djsaxsA






                                             LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY                                       37
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