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fJekJh^11L fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK dk ftek;
fJekJh^11L fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK dk ftek;
fJekJh^11L fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK dk ftek;
fJekJh^11L fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK dk ftek;
fJekJh^11L fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK dk ftek;
11H4 wkBdzvK dhnK ftP/PsktK È؇
11H4 wkBdzvK dhnK ftP/PsktK
11H4 wkBdzvK dhnK ftP/PsktK
11H4 wkBdzvK dhnK ftP/PsktK
11H4 wkBdzvK dhnK ftP/PsktK (( (( (Characteristics of Norms)) )) )
fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK ft~u fJj ftP/PsktK j'DhnK Io{oh jBL
1H BthBsk
2H gqshfB~fXst
3H ;koEesk
4H s[bBkswesk
BthBskL
BthBskL
BthBskL BthB j'D dk noE j? fe wkBdzv g[okD/ Bk j'D, noEks wkBdzv fe;/ pj[s g[okD/ nk:'fis
BthBskL
1H 1H 1H 1H 1H BthBskL
ehs/ rJ/ N?;N T[Zs/ nkXkfos BjhA j'D/ ukjhd/ feUAfe ;wK nzsokb ftfdnkoEhnK dhnK ywsktK pdb
fdzdk j?. fJ;/ ekoD, 1990 ft~u nk:'fis ehs/ rJ/ N?;N d/ nkXko s/ pD/ j'J/ wkBdzv 2004 ft~u j'J/
N?;N d/ ;e'oK dk ftPb/PD BjhA eo ;ed/ feUAfe fJj ;jh BjhA j't/rk. fJ; bJh, wkBdzv ;w/A ;w/A s/
pdbd/ ofjD/ ukjhd/ jB.
2H 2H gqshfB~fXstL gqshfB~fXstL
2H 2H 2H gqshfB~fXstL wkBdzvK d/ gqshfB~fXst dk noE j? fe fi; ;w{j dk ftPb/PD eoBk j?, wkBdzv T[;/ ;w{j
gqshfB~fXstL
gqshfB~fXstL
d/ gqshfBXh ;w{j d/ ;e'oK s'A pD/ j'D/ ukjhd/ jB. fJ; bJh i/eo iwks 9 dh fe;/ ftP/Psk dk ftPb/PD
eoBk j? sK 9thA iwks d/ ftfdnkoEhnK d/ N?;N d/ ;e'oK d/ nkXko s/ jh wkBdzv pD/ j'D/ ukjhd/ jB. fJ;
s'A fJbktk, fJj ftfdnkoEh j'o ftP/PsktK ft~u th j'o ftfdnkoEhnK d/ ;wkB j'D/ ukjhd/ jB. N?;N
wkBdzv fJ~e t~v/ ;w{j s'A gqkgs ehs/ rJ/ ;e'oK d/ nkXko s/ pDB/ ukjhd/ jB. S'Nk ;w{j g{oh nkpkdh Bz{ uzrh
soK g/P BjhA eo ;edk. fJ; bJh fJ; s'A gqkgs wkBdzv th ;Nhe BjhA j'Dr/.
3H 3H ;koEeskL;koEeskL
3H 3H 3H ;koEeskL;koEeskL
;koEeskL ;koEesk dk noE wkBdzvK dhnK fe;wK s'A j?. ftef;s wkBdzv N?;N d/ T[d/PK ns/ wkgD:'r
ftP/PsktK T[Zs/ fBoGo j'D/ ukjhd/ jB. i/eo ftnefs~st dk wkg eoBk j? sK gqshPse wkBdzv bkr{ j'Dr/. fi~E/
ftP/Psk T[wo Bkb tXdh j? T[ZE/ T[wo iK rq/v d/ wkBdzv bkr{ j'Dr/. fJ;/ soK i/eo ftfdnkoEh dh
ft~fdne iK ;ohfoe :'rsk gsk eoBh j? sK T[wo iK rq/v d/ wkBdzv bkr{ j'Dr/ ns/ i/eo ftfdnkoEh dh
fJ~e t~v/ ;w{j ft~u ;fEsh gsk eoBh j? sK gqshPse iK wkDe wkBdzv gq:'r ehs/ ik ;ed/ jB.

4H 4H s[bBksweskL s[bBksweskL
4H 4H 4H s[bBksweskL s[bBksweskL
s[bBksweskL fJj wkBdzvK dh wj~stg{oD ftP/Psk j?. N?;N wkBdzv nkg; ft~u s[bBkswe j'D/
ukjhd/ jB, sK jh fJBK Bz{ ftfGzB ftfdnkoEhnK dh s[bBk bJh gq:'r ehsk ik ;edk j?. fJ; s'A fJbktk
wkBdzv uzrh soK tofDs j'D/ ukjhd/ jB, noEks ftfGzB ;zdoG fpzd{ ;gPN tofDs j'D/ ukjhd/ jB sK
fe ftfdnkoEhnK dhnK :'rsktK Bz{ ;gPN PpdK ft~u fpnkB ehsk ik ;e/.
fJBK ftP/PsktK d/ ;zdoG ft~u, wkBdzv fBoXkfos eod/ ;w/A j/mK fd~shnK ;ktXkBhnK gq:'r eoBhnK Io{oh
jBL
(i) wkBdzvK dh rDBk fXnkB Bkb j'Dh ukjhdh j?. fJ; d/ bJh, fJ~e ftfdnkoEh d/ ftfGzB N?;NK ft~u
ns/ Bk fe fJ~e jh N?;N ft~u ;e'oK Bz{ d/yDk ukjhdk j?.

(ii) wkBdzv fBPfus eoD bJh tos/ rJ/ Bw{B/ jw/Pk g{oh nkpkdh dk gqshfB~fXst eoD.

Nk;e Z-;e'o wkBdzv eh j[zd/ jB<

;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
1H pj[ftebg gqPBL
(i) wkBdzv wkDehfeqs ;so s/ ______ dh n;b T[gbpXh fJzfrs eod/ jB.
(a) ftfdnkoEhnK (b) nfXnkge
(c) fgqz;hgb (d) ;[gotkJhIo

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