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fJekJh^11L fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK dk ftek;
fJekJh^11L fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK dk ftek;
fJekJh^11L fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK dk ftek;
fJekJh^11L fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK dk ftek;
fJekJh^11L fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK dk ftek;
gqshPse wkBdzv j[zd/ jB. feUAfe, fJBK Bz{ ;G jkbksK ft~u ;KM/ ;w{j d/ ;G ftneshnK T[Zs/ gq:'r È؇
ehsk ik ;edk j?, fJ; bJh fJj fejk ik ;edk j? fe gqshPse wkBdzv fJ~e ftnesh d/ ;e'oK dh T[;
d/ j'o ;w{j ft~u ;fEsh dh ftnkfynk eoD bJh nkXko g/P eod/ jB.

gqshPse ns/ gqshPse o?Ae dh rDBk eoD bJh, wzB bU fJ~e t~v/ ;w{j Bz{ fJ~e N?;N fd~sk frnk ns/
M = 100, S.D. = 1, sK fco ftfGzB gqshPse fJ; soK j'Dr/L
T[go'es nkXko s/, i/eo fJ~e T[whdtko fJ~e N?;N ft~u 100 nze gqkgs eodk j?, sK T[; dk gqshPse
o?Ae 50 j't/rk ns/ T[; dk gqdoPB ;so n";s wzfBnk ikt/rk.
r[D
r[D
r[D
r[D
r[D
(e) fJBK dk ;obsk Bkb ftPb/PD ehsk ik ;edk j?.
(y) j'o N?;NK dh soK fJ; ft~u fJ~e gqshfBXh ;w{j Bz{ N?;N d/Dk Io{oh BjhA j?. fJ; bJh fJBK
wkBdzvK bJh e'Jh gfoebgBk BjhA pDkJh ik ;edh. fJ; bJh fJBK dk ftnkge s"o s/ gq:'r j[zdk
j?.
(r) fJj wkBdzv jo soK dhnK ;fEshnK ft~u bkGekoh j[zd/ jB, fit/A ft~fdne, T[d:'fre, fwbNoh y/
so nkfd.
(x) gqshPse wkBdzv ;obsk Bkb ftef;s ehs/ ik ;ed/ jB.
(R) fJBK Bz{ ;e'oK Bz{ noEg{oD Yzr Bkb ftfGzB fJekJhnK ns/ ;zfyne wkDeK Bkb nfGftnes eoD
ft~u T[g:'r ehsk ik ;edk j?.
(u) nkw s"o s/ ftnefs~st N?;NK, nkJh fe:{ N?;NK, fttjkfoe N?;NK, ywsk N?;NK nkfd ft~u e/tb
gqshPse wkBdzv jh gq:'r j[zd/ jB.
;hwktK
;hwktK
;hwktK
;hwktK
;hwktK
(e) fJBK wkBdzvK Bkb ;zfyneh ftPb/PD eoBk ;zGt BjhA.
(y) ftfGzB N?;NK d/ gqshPse ;e'oK dh s[bBk BjhA ehsh ik ;edh i/eo fiBK ;w{jK T[Zs/ fJj nk:'fis
ehs/ rJ/ jB, Uj s[bBkswe Bk j'D. T[dkjoD bJh, i/eo fJ~e ftnefs~st N?;N ft~u, fJ~e t~v/
;w{j ft~u'A bJhnK rJhnK feP'o bVehnK T[Zs/ gqshPse wkBzdv ftef;s ehs/ rJ/ jB, sK ;G
feP'o bVehnK d/ ;e'oK dh fJBK Bkb s[bBk ehsh ik ;edh j?.
(r) nkw ;fEshnK ft~u, gqshPse wkBdzv jo ftnesh dh gq;zfre ;fEsh d~;d/ jB, gqzs{ fJj d'
ftneshnK ftueko ;e'oK dk nzso BjhA d~; ;ed/.
(x) gqshPse wkBdzv nkw s"o s/ gqshPs ;e'oK dk Gqw fdzd/ jB.
(R) fe;/ ftnesh dh gq;zfre ;fEsh fJBK wkBdzvK d/ nkXko s/ fBPfus ehsh iKdh j?. gqzs{ fe;/
ftnesh dh fBog~ysk Bkb n;bh :'rsk iK ywsk dk ftPb/PD eoBk ;zGt BjhA j?.
(u) gqshPse wkBdzvK dhnK fJekJhnK ;wkB BjhA jB. i/eo n;b ;e'oK dk toDB nkw j't/, sK
nzdkIB ;e'oK Bz{ gqshPse w[~bK ft~u pdbD ft~u pj[s nzso j[zdk j?, id'A fe uow f;fonK s/ ;e'o
pdbD ft~u nfXe nzso BjhA j[zdk.
wkDe ;e'o wkBdzvL
wkDe ;e'o wkBdzvL gqshPse wkBdzvK dh ;G s'A t~vh ewh fJj j? fe fJBK ft~u ;e'oK dhnK fJekJhnK
4H 4H wkDe ;e'o wkBdzvLwkDe ;e'o wkBdzvL
4H 4H 4H wkDe ;e'o wkBdzvL
;wkB BjhA jB, noEks d' brksko gqshPseK ft~u pokpo d{oh BjhA j[zdh. T[dkjoD bJh, 30t/A ns/ 40t/
A gqshPse ft~u nzso 60t/A ns/ 70t/A gqshPse ft~u nzso d/ ;wkB BjhA j't/rk. fJ; ewh d/ ekoD fJBK
wkBdzvK Bz{ ftfGzB T[whdtkoK ftueko nzsoK dh s[bBk bJh gq:'r BjhA ehsk ik ;edk. fJ; bJh N?;N
fBowksk nfijhnK fJekJhnK b~Gd/ jB fijVhnK g{o/ ft;sko ft~u ;wkB j'D. fJ; ftuko s'A, wkDe ;e'o
wkBdzv ftnkge s"o s/ tos/ ikd/ jB. fJBK Bz{ Z ;e'o wkBdzv th fejk iKdk j?.
wkDe ;e'o wkBdzv dk noE j? T[whdtkoK d/ e~u/ ;e'oK Bz{ wkDe ;e'oK ft~u pdbBk. fJ; soK d/
wkBdzv wkDe ftubD (S.D. or σ ) dh wdd Bkb gsk ehs/ iKd/ jB. fJj wkDe ftubD fJ~e ;w{j d/

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