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fJekJh^11L fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK dk ftek;
fJekJh^11L fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK dk ftek;
fJekJh^11L fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK dk ftek;
fJekJh^11L fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK dk ftek;
fJekJh^11L fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK dk ftek;
• T[wo d/ wkBdzvL fJ; soK d/ wkBdzv fpB/N d/ p[~Xh gohyD ft~u gq:'r ehs/ iKd/ ;B. fJ; soK d/ È؇
wkBdzvK ft~u w{bG{s wkBsk fJj j[zdh j? fe uo nkgDh T[wo Bkb tXDk ukjhdk j?.
• rq/v wkBdzvL rq/v wkBdzv T[wo d/ wkBdzvK d/ jh ;wkB jB, nzso fJj j? fe fi~E/ T[wo d/ wkBdzv T[wo
Bkb ;zpzfXs j[zd/ jB, rq/v d/ wkBdzv iwks Bkb ;zpzfXs j[zd/ jB. fJBK Bz{ iwks wkBdzv th fejk iKdk
j?.
• gqshPse wkBdzvL fJ~e N?;N ft~u gqshPse wkBdzvK s'A ;kvk noE j? ftfdnkoEhnK d/ fJ~e t~v/ ;w{j
d[nkok gqkgs ehs/ rJ/ ftfGzB gqshPse. j'o PpdK ft~u, gqshPse wkBdzv Uj ;e'o j[zd/ jB fijV/ T[;
s'A j/mK ;e'o gqkgs eoD tkb/ ftfdnkoEhnK dh ;zfynk d~;D.
• wkDe ;e'o wkBdzvL gqshPse wkBdzvK dh ;G s'A t~vh ewh fJj j? fe fJBK ft~u ;e'oK dhnK fJekJhnK
;wkB BjhA jB, noEks d' brksko gqshPseK ft~u pokpo d{oh BjhA j[zdh. fJBK Bz{ Z ;e'o wkBdzv th
fejk iKdk j?.
• wkDe ;e'o wkBdzv dk noE j? T[whdtkoK d/ e~u/ ;e'oK Bz{ wkDe ;e'oK ft~u pdbBk. fJ; soK d/
wkBdzv wkDe ftubD (S.D. orσ ) dh wdd Bkb gsk ehs/ iKd/ jB. fJj wkDe ftubD fJ~e ;w{j d/
;e'oK d/ ft;sko dk wkg j?. wkDe ;e'o wkBdzv wkDe ;w{j s/ nkXkfos jB.
• wkBdzvK dhnK ftP/PsktK
• fJ~e N?;N d/ wkBdzvK ft~u fJj ftP/PsktK j'DhnK Io{oh jBL
(i) BthBsk
(ii) gqshfB~fXst
(iii) ;koEesk
(iv) s[bBkswesk
• BthBskL BthB j'D dk noE j? fe wkBdzv g[okD/ Bk j'D, noEks wkBdzv fe;/ pj[s g[okD/ nk:'fis ehs/
rJ/ N?;N T[Zs/ nkXkfos BjhA j'D/ ukjhd/ feUAfe ;wK nzsokb ftfdnkoEhnK dhnK ywsktK pdb fdzdk
j?.
• gqshfB~fXstL wkBdzvK d/ gqshfB~fXst dk noE j? fe fi; ;w{j dk ftPb/PD eoBk j?, wkBdzv T[;/ ;w{j
d/ gqshfBXh ;w{j d/ ;e'oK s'A pD/ j'D/ ukjhd/ jB.
• ;koEeskL ;koEesk dk noE wkBdzvK dhnK fe;wK s'A j?. ftef;s wkBdzv N?;N d/ T[d/PK ns/
wkgD:'r ftP/PsktK T[Zs/ fBoGo j'D/ ukjhd/ jB.
• s[bBksweskL fJj wkBdzvK dh wj~stg{oD ftP/Psk j?. N?;N wkBdzv nkg; ft~u s[bBkswe j'D/ ukjhd/
jB, sK jh fJBK Bz{ ftfGzB ftfdnkoEhnK dh s[bBk bJh gq:'r ehsk ik ;edk j?.
11H6 Ppde'P
11H6 Ppde'P
11H6 Ppde'P
11H6 Ppde'P
11H6 Ppde'P (Keywords)
wkBdzv L fJ~e ;fEsh iK fttjko dk fJ~e Bw{Bk i' nkw iK fJ~fSs j't/ .
;e'o L fe;/ N?;N ft~u fe;/ ftnesh d[nkok ;jh T[Zso bJh gqkgs ehs/ ikD tkb/ nze iK fpzd{.
BthBsk L BtK, fGzB ns/ fdbu;g j'D dh ftP/Psk.
11H7 nfGnk; gqPB
11H7 nfGnk; gqPB
11H7 nfGnk; gqPB
11H7 nfGnk; gqPB
11H7 nfGnk; gqPB (Review Questions)
1. wkBdzvK dk eh noE j?<
2. wkBdzvK dh Io{os dk toDB eo' .
3. wkBdzvK dhnK fe;wK dk toDB eo'.
4. wkBdzvK dhnK ftP/PsktK dk toDB eo'.
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