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Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University fJekJh^19L rq/fvzr ^ Io{os, ;w~f;nktK, xNe ns/ ftXhnK
fJekJh^19L rq/fvzr ^ Io{os, ;w~f;nktK, xNe ns/ ftXhnK
fJekJh^19L rq/fvzr ^ Io{os, ;w~f;nktK, xNe ns/ ftXhnK
fJekJh^19L rq/fvzr ^ Io{os, ;w~f;nktK, xNe ns/ ftXhnK
fJekJh^19L rq/fvzr ^ Io{os, ;w~f;nktK, xNe ns/ ftXhnK
fJekJh^19L rq/fvzr ^ Io{os, ;w~f;nktK, xNe ns/ ftXhnK
fJekJh^19L rq/fvzr ^ Io{os, ;w~f;nktK, xNe ns/ ftXhnK
fJekJh^19L rq/fvzr ^ Io{os, ;w~f;nktK, xNe ns/ ftXhnK
fJekJh^19L rq/fvzr ^ Io{os, ;w~f;nktK, xNe ns/ ftXhnK È؇
fJekJh^19L rq/fvzr ^ Io{os, ;w~f;nktK, xNe ns/ ftXhnK
( ( ( ( (Grading - Need, Problems, Components and Methods)) )) )

ftP/ t;s{ (Contents)
T[d/P (Objectives)
ikDekoh (Introduction)
19H1 rq/fvzr dh ntXkoDk (Concept of Grading)
19H2 rq/fvzr dh Io{os (Need of Grading)

19H3 rq/fvzr d/ xNe (Components of Grading)
19H4 rq/v d/D dhnK ftXhnK (Methods of Assigning Grades)
19H5 nfXnkgB, ft~fdnk ns/ gohyD bJh fBfjskoE (Implications for Teaching, Learning
and Testing)
19H6 rq/fvzr dhnK ;w~f;nktK (Problems of Grading)
19H7 ;ko nzP (Summary)
19H8 Ppde'P (Keywords)
19H9 nfGnk;^gqPB (Review Questions)
19H10 ;zdoG g[;seK (Further Readings)

T[d/P
T[d/P
T[d/P
T[d/P
T[d/P (Objectives)
fJ; fJekJh d/ nfXn?B s'A pknd ftfdnkoEh :'r j'Dr/L
• rq/fvzr dh ntXkoDk dk toDB eoD bJh
• rq/fvzr dh Io{os pko/ uouk eoD bJh
• rq/fvzr d/ xNeK dk toDB eoD bJh
• rq/v d/D dhnK ftXhnK pko/ uouk eoD bJh
• nfXnkgB, ft~fdnk ns/ gohyD bJh fBfjskoE dk toDB eoD bJh
• rq/fvzr dhnK w[PfebK dk toDB eoD bJh

ikDekoh
ikDekoh
ikDekoh
ikDekoh
ikDekoh (Introduction)
;kb 2009^10 s'A rq/fvzr gqDkbh dh P[o{nks Bkb Gkosh ft~fdnk gqDkbh B/ ft~fdnk gqDkbh Bz{ g[Boihfts eoD
t~b fJ~e j'o edw n~r/ tXkfJnk j?. fJ; Bkb ftfdnkoEhnK T[Zs/ gqhfynk d/ ;w/A dpkn x~N eoD ft~u wdd
fwb/rh. fgSb/ gzi ;kbK ft~u ftfdnkoEhnK bJh ft~fdnk dk noE e/tb nze gqkgs eoD s'A frnkB gqkgs
eoD t~b pdb frnk j?, fi; Bkb nDfrDs soK dhnK ft~fdnk BhshnK nk rJhnK jB.
fog'oN d/ nB[;ko Gkos ft~u jo o'I 15^25 ;kb dh T[wo d/ ro[~g ft~u 17 s'A nfXe ftfdnkoEh fJ~e
gqhfynk ft~u iK gqt/P gqfhynk ft~u ;jh gqdoPB Bk eoD d/ ekoD nksw^j~fsnk eo b?Ad/ jB. d/P d/
itkB p~funK Bz{ nze gqkgs eoD d/ dpkn s'A jkod/ d/yDk pj[s fGnkBe j?. fJ~E/ B'N eoD tkbk fpzd{
;wki dh ;'u j?, fijVk ftfdnkoEhnK T[Zs/ ‘uzrk gqdoPB’ dk dpkn gkUAdk j?.
;e{bK, wkfgnK, fw~so ;w{j ns/ ;wki t~b'A fJj dpkn fJ~e p~u/ dk pugB y'j b?Adk j?. fJ; s'A
fJbktk, fJ~e ;tk;E fog'oN th d~;dh j? fe fJ; ekoD ;tk;E ;w~f;nktK fit/A EekB, ;ohfoe dod,

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