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fJekJh^5L ftfGzB gqeko d/ N?;NK bJh :'iBk
fJekJh^5L ftfGzB gqeko d/ N?;NK bJh :'iBk
fJekJh^5L ftfGzB gqeko d/ N?;NK bJh :'iBk
fJekJh^5L ftfGzB gqeko d/ N?;NK bJh :'iBk
fJekJh^5L ftfGzB gqeko d/ N?;NK bJh :'iBk
ft;fsqs nzeD :'iBk ftfGzB gqhfyneK d[nkok ;e'fozr ft~u ;fEosk ns/ fJ~eo{gsk ;[fBPfus eoD bJh È؇
Io{oh j?. d{i/ PpdK ft~u, fJj ;e'fozr ft~u Go';/ Bz{ ;[fBPfus eodh j?.
5H2H11 gqPBtko ftPb/PD fsnko eoBk
5H2H11 gqPBtko ftPb/PD fsnko eoBk
5H2H11 gqPBtko ftPb/PD fsnko eoBk
5H2H11 gqPBtko ftPb/PD fsnko eoBk
5H2H11 gqPBtko ftPb/PD fsnko eoBk
gqPB g~so ns/ nzeD :'iBk fsnko eoD s'A pknd, gqPBtko ftPb/PD fsnko eoBk ukjhdk j?. fJj ftPb/
PD N?;N ft~u gqPBK Bz{ pb{ fgqzN Bkb fwbkUD ft~u wdd eodk j?. fJ; Bkb ;kBz{ N?;N dhnK skesK ns/
ewI'ohnK uzrh soK gsk ubdhnK jB fit/A ftPb/PD d[nkok n;hA ikD ;ed/ jK fe gkmeqw ft~u fezB/ ftP/
j~b eo bJh rJ/ jB, jo gqPB dk efmBsk ;so eh j? ns/ jo gqPB d[nkok fejV/ fBod/PK dk gohyD
ehsk ik fojk j?. ftPb/PD j/mK fby/ fpzd{nK s/ ehsk iKdk j?L
(i) gqPB dh ;zfynk
(ii) gqPB d[nkok gohyD ehsk ik fojk T[d/P
(iii) fBod/P fiBK T[Zs/ fJj gqPB nkXkfos j?
(iv) eto ehsk frnk ftPk
(v) gqPB dk o{g
(vi) gqdkB ehs/ rJ/ nze
(vii) j~b eoD bJh nzdkIB ;wK
(viii) nzdkIB efmBsk ;so
eh s[;hA ikDd/ j' wkDehfeqs gohyD dh wB'ftfrnkfBeK, nfXnkgeK ns/ nfGGkteK d[nkok
nkb'uBk j'Jh j?. ft~fdne gohyD dh nkb'uBk nkw s"o s/ nbg;zfyneK d/
fto[~X GkPkJh G/dGkt, nfij/ gohyD d/ sohe/ fijV/ ;ko/ ftfdnkoEhnK bJh
;jh Bk j'D ns/ fBwB gqdoPB tkb/ ftfdnkoEhnK T[Zs/ Bekokswe ;[fdqVheoD
T[Zs/ e/Adfos j[zdh j?.
wkDehfeqs gohyD dk gfjbk doi gq:'r 19thA ;dh d/ nzs ns/ 20thA ;dh d/ P[o{ ft~u cqK; ft~u ehsk
frnk. cqK; B/ fJj Io{oh eoBk P[o{ eo fd~sk fe ;ko/ ftfdnkoEhnK bJh ;e{b ikDk ns/ fe;/ nfXnkge
s'A f;~fynk b?Dk Io{oh j? ns/ gqPk;eK Bz{ ftP/P ft~fdnk dh Io{os fdykJh fd~sh. fJ; bJh p~funK dhnK
:'rsktK dk nkebD eoD bJh cq?Au ;oeko B/ ;kJhwB ns/ ncov pkJhAN Bz{ fJ; w[~d/ dk nfXn?B eoD
bJh efwPB ehsk. Uj fJ; Bshi/ s/ gj[zu/ fi; Bz{ j[D n;hA “IQ” N?;N efjzd/ jK.
fJ~e N?;N dh :'iBk bJh ftfGzB wkordoPB
5H3
5H3 fJ~e N?;N dh :'iBk bJh ftfGzB wkordoPB
fJ~e N?;N dh :'iBk bJh ftfGzB wkordoPB
fJ~e N?;N dh :'iBk bJh ftfGzB wkordoPB
5H3
5H3
5H3 fJ~e N?;N dh :'iBk bJh ftfGzB wkordoPB (Different Guidelines
for Planning a Test)
pj[s ;ko/ nfij/ fBod/P jB i' frnkB ;so s'A n~r/ th fXnkB e/Adfos eod/ jB. fJj fJ; soK jBL
5H3H1 pb{w torheoD
5H3H1 pb{w torheoD
5H3H1 pb{w torheoD
5H3H1 pb{w torheoD
5H3H1 pb{w torheoD
fJ~e N?;N d[nkok wkghnK f;~fynk d~ysktK Bz{ nB[d/P d/ T[d/PK Bz{ gqshfpzfps eoBk ukjhdk j?. fJ; bJh
N?;N d[nkok wkg/ ikD tkb/ UBK nB[d/Pkswe T[d/PK dh gfjukD Io{oh j? ns/ fco UBK Bz{ gqdoPB ;zdoG
ft~u ;gPN eoBk Io{oh j?.
fJ~e T[g:'rh rkJhv ft~fdne T[d/PK d/ torheoD (Taxonomy of Educational Objectives) dk ;zfrnkBkswe
y/so fi; Bz{ pb{w torheoD (Bloom Taxonomy) d/ BK Bkb th ikfDnk iKdk j?. fJj fJ~e g[okDh rkJhv
j?. fJ; ft~u fJ~e N?;N dh :'iBk pDkUAd/ ;w/A ft~fdne d~ysktK dhnK fe;wK dh ;{uh j?. ;zfrnkBkswe
y/so ft~u frnkB ns/ p"fXe e[Pbsk dk ftek; Pkfwb j?. fJ; ft~u ftP/P s~EK dh gfjukD ns/ :kd,
53
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