Page 11 - DEDU505_TEACHER_EDUCATION_ENGLISH

Unit 1: Teacher Education: Meaning, Historical Perspectives

At the end of 19th century there were 6 training colleges for secondary teachers. Notes
According to the University Act, 1904, recommendations were given for extension of secondary
training colleges. Several training colleges were established, for these colleges demonstration
schools were also emphasized and established. One training college was started in Bombay in 1906.
In 1912 Govt. had recommended: Under the modern system of education no teacher should be
allowed to teach without a certificate that has qualified to do so.In 1917, Calcutta University
Commission had recommended to introduce the Education Department of University level and to
investigate the problems of training colleges. As the result there were 13 Education Departments in
1921.
In 1929, Hartong Committee recommended for the centers of primary education:
• Raise the standard of primary education.
• Appointment of good and trained teachers.
• Provision for refresher courses.
• Investigate the problems of primary education.
Upto this period teacher training may be leveled as—
1. Graduate level (L.T.)
2. Inter level (C.T) and
3. Primary level (H.T.C) of administration or for teaching in Anglo-vernacular schools. However, it
brought in focus of educational system, the importance and usefulness of teacher training
programme.
In 1854, Wood's Despatch emphasized the importance of teacher's training and education. In this
report a new principle of grant-in-aid to schools was announced. Aid was to be given on the basis of
number of trained teachers in the schools.

Formal system of teacher education was started by Britishers:

During (1854 to 1947) Teacher-Education: In the beginning there were mainly elementary schools
and a few secondary schools in this period. Secondary schools were opened and there was a demand
of teachers for secondary schools. Hence a number of teacher training colleges for secondary schools
were opened.
The first secondary teacher training schools was established in 1856 at Madras, known as Govt.
Normal School, Madras. It trained primary teachers as well as secondary teachers both.
• Later on at Lahore in 1880 a similar institution was started for the training of secondary
teachers.
• In 1882, Indian Education Commission was admitted to examine the inadequacies of the Indian
Education Commission examined the education and suggested some improvements.
Thoroughly, it made suggestions for removing inadequacies.
(1) Commission suggested that training institutions should be increased as the schools were
increasing.
(2) Upgrading the teachers training quality, commission suggested that there should be
examination in theory and practical and only those who have passed in both should be
appointed as teachers.
(3) There should be separate training shcools for graduates and under-graduates. There should
different higher levels of training for under-graduates.

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