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Teacher Education

Notes early part of the twentieth century, however, this emphasis started to shift. John Dewey and his
disciples of Progressive education left a legacy of student-centered instructional methods aimed
at helping students acquire higher-level thinking and problem-solving skills. Of particular
importance was the project method that provided the intellectual heritage for such contemporary
methods as cooperative learning, problembased instruction and other approaches emphasizing
active student learning and group interaction.

There is, however, a widespread misconception that teacher-controlled instruction leads
to a rigid situation wherein the freedom and creativity of his students remain
undeveloped.

22.2 Nature of Teacher Controlled Instruction

A number of educators over the years, such as, have developed conceptual frameworks for
thinking about instructional strategies. The frameworks most often include instructional organizers,
instructional strategies, and tactics. Instructional organizers are at one end of a complexity
continuum, and provide the "big ideas" that allow us to think about instructional practices.
The instructions are specific, and for the most part, simple actions taken by teachers within the
confines of particular teaching strategies. Asking questions, checking for student understanding,
providing examples or visual representations, or examining both sides of an argument are
examples of instructional tactics. Many tactics have grown out of the practices of experienced
teachers. The teacher to instructional strategies that involve a series of steps, are supported by
theory and research, and have been designed to produce certain types of student learning.
Self Assessment
1. Fill in the blanks
(i) .................... is a practical form of teaching in the present context.
(ii) A number of educators over the years, have developed conceptual frameworks for ............
.
(iii) The teacher controlled instructions involve a series of steps are supported by .........................
and ........................ .
(iv) Many strategies have grown out of the practices of .......................... .
22.3 Strategies of Teacher Controlled Instruction

Teacher Controlled Instructions consists different strategies or methods to help students to
understand different subjects at different levels, for example, an English Teacher taching a
shakespearian tragedy would use different strategies than the bology teacher who is trying to
help students understand photosynthesis. Similarly, a fourth grade teacher would use different
methods to teach reading freactions or the concept of scarcity.

22.3.1 Demonstration
The demonstration method is effective for developing skills in students. The demonstration
method is of immense importance in developing a variety of skills in the students. Besides, it
facilitates understanding of principles, theories, etc., of a discipline by the students. Imagine a
lesson on propertics of light being taught to the students without demonstration.
(i) Nature of Demonstration: Let us understand the meaning of the term demonstration.
Demonstration is a talk or explanation by someone who shows you how to do or use

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