Page 170 - DEDU505_TEACHER_EDUCATION_HINDI

vè;kid f'k{kk

uksV fo|ky;h lqfoèkk,¡
nks cM+s dejksa (lHkh ekSle esa mi;ksxh)] f[kykSus] ';keV~V] uD'ks] pkVZl rFkk vU; 'kSf{kd&lkexzh rFkk vko';d
lqfoèkk;sa izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa nh tk;saxhA ;FkklEHko ,d fo|ky; esa nks f'k{kd gksaxs] ftuesa ,d efgyk gksxh]
Nk=kksa dh la[;k c<+us ij izR;sd d{kk osQ fy;s ,d f'k{kd dh O;oLFkk dh tk;sxhA ^vkWijs'ku CySd cksMZ*
uked ,d izrhdkRed vkUnksyu ns'k osQ lHkh izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa osQ fodkl gsrq pyk;k tk;sxkA blesa ljdkj
LFkkuh; fudk;] LoSfPNd laLFkk;sa rFkk O;fDr iwjh rjg ls layXu gksaxsA ,u- vkj- bZ- ih- rFkk vj- ,y- bZ- th-
ih- iQ.M dk izkFkfed mi;ksx fo|ky; Hkouksa dk fuekZ.k djuk gSA

vukSipkfjd f'k{kk
vuqÙkh.kZ ckydksa] fo|ky; u tkus okys ckydksa] dk;Z'khy ckyd&ckfydk,¡ tks iwjs fnu fo|ky; ugha tk ldrs]
muosQ fy;s o`gn~ ,oa O;ofLFkr vukSipkfjd f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk dh tk;sxhA

vukSipkfjd f'k{kk osQUnzksa osQ 'kSf{kd okrkoj.k dks fodflr djus osQ fy;s vkèkqfud rduhdh lgk;rk dk iz;ksx
fd;k tk;sxkA leqnk; esa ls ;ksX; rFkk izfrHkk'kkyh O;fDr;ksa dk p;u f'k{kd osQ :i esa fd;k tk;sxkA muosQ
izf'k{k.k ij iwjk è;ku osQfUnzr fd;k tk;sxkA ;ksX;rkvksa dh vukSipkfjdrk dks f'k{kk osQ izokg esa yk;k tk;sxkA
bl ckr dk è;ku j[kk tk;sxk fd vukSipkfjd rFkk vkSipkfjd f'k{kk esa xq.kkRed vUrj u gksA

jk"Vªh; vkèkkjHkwr ikB~;Øe vukSipkfjd f'k{kk dk ikB~;Øe cuk;k tk;sxkA ;g ikB~;Øe Nk=k dh vko';drk
rFkk LFkkuh; okrkoj.k osQ vuqlkj gksxkA mPp dksfV dh f'k{k.k&lkexzh dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk;sxk vkSj mls Nk=kksa
dks fu%'kqYd fn;k tk;sxkA vukSipkfjd f'k{kk dk;ZØe lgHkkxh vfèkxe okrkoj.k tSls [ksy&owQn] lkaLÑfrd
dk;ZØe] Hkze.k vkfn iznku djsaxsA

vukSipkfjd f'k{kk dk vfèkdka'k dk;ZØe LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa rFkk iapk;r jkt laLFkkvksa }kjk fd;k tk;sxkA bu
laLFkkvksa dks i;kZIr èku le; ij miyCèk djk;k tk;sxkA ljdkj bl egRoiw.kZ {ks=k osQ fy;s lEiw.kZ nkf;Ro ogu
djsxhA

,d izLrko
ubZ f'k{kk dh uhfr] le; ls iwoZ fo|ky; NksM+ nsus okys ckydksa dh leL;kvksa osQ lekèkku dks izkFkfedrk nsxh]
ljdkj bl dk;Z dks ;q¼ Lrj ij lw{e fu;kstu }kjk iwjs ns'k esa ewy vkèkkj ls vkjEHk djsxh vkSj ;g ns[ksxh
fd fo|ky; esa ckyd jgsaA ;g dk;Z vukSipkfjd f'k{kk osQ rU=k }kjk lesfdr gksxkA ;g è;ku j[kk tk;sxk fd
1990 rd tks ckyd 17 o"kZ dh vk;q izkIr djsaxs] mUgsa ik¡p o"kZ dh fo|ky;h f'k{kk ;k mlosQ lekukUrj
vukSipkfjd izokg esa f'k{kk iznku dh tk;sA 1995 rd 14 o"kZ dh vk;q osQ lHkh ckydksa dks fu%'kqYd ,oa
vfuok;Z lkoZHkkSe f'k{kk iznku dh tk;sxhA

ekè;fed f'k{kk
ekè;fed f'k{kk] foKku] ekufodh rFkk lkekftd foKkuksa esa Nk=kksa dh fofHkUu Hkwfedkvksa dks vfHkO;Dr
djrh gSA ;gh og mfpr voLFkk gS ftlesa bfrgkl dks jk"Vªh; ifjis{; esa i<+k;k tk;s] ukxfjd osQ :i esa
laoSèkkfud vfèkdkj rFkk dÙkZO;ksa dks le>us osQ volj iznku fd;s tk;saA vkUrfjd LoLFk dk;ks± osQ lpsru
iz;kl] yksdkpkj] ewY;] laxqf.kr laLÑfr dks mfpr ikB~;Øe osQ vUrxZr yk;k tk;sxkA fo'ks"k laLFkkvksa osQ
}kjk O;kolk;hdj.k djosQ ekè;fed f'k{kk dk iquuZohdj.k fd;k tk;sxk] ftlls vkfFkZd fodkl osQ fy;s
ekuo 'kfDr izkIr gks losQA ekè;fed f'k{kk dk foLrkj vNwrs {ks=kksa esa fd;k tk;sxkA vU; {ks=kksa esa] eq[;
cy ,dhdj.k ij fn;k tk;sxkA

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