Page 173 - DEDU505_TEACHER_EDUCATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—16% jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfrμ1986

ljdkj dk xBu fd;k vkSj mlus Hkh y{;ksa dk fuèkkZj.k dj 1979 esa jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr dk Hkkjrh; fodYi uksV
izLrqr fd;kA dky dh ifjofrZr èkkjk us iqu% dkaxzsl ljdkj dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj orZeku ljdkj us blosQ egRo
dks le>kA f'k{kk dh pqukSrh&uhfr ifjizs{;_ nLrkost tkjh dj jk"VªO;kih cgl djkbZA bl cgl dk ifj.kke
gS ubZ f'k{kk uhfrA
Hkkjr ljdkj us 1986 esa ubZ f'k{kk uhfr] jk"Vª fodkl osQ O;kid ,oa egRoiw.kZ ladYi dh iwfrZ osQ fy;s izdkf'kr
dhA xqtjkr osQ jkT;iky ekuuh; jkeÑ".k f=kosnh us ubZ f'k{kk uhfr dh lkFkZdrk ij izdk'k Mkyrs gq;s
dgkμns'k osQ loksZUeq[kh fodkl dk mís'; j[kdj ubZ f'k{kk uhfr dk <k¡pk rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA f'k{k.k osQoy
pkj nhokjksa osQ chp dh ,d tM+ izfØ;k u jgdj ns'k osQ lok±xh.k fodkl dks xfr'khy vkSj Bksl cuk;s vkSj
jk"Vªh; ,drk] viuh iqjkru lH;rk vkSj Hkkjrh; laLdkjksa osQ vuqlkj bl ns'k osQ fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vkèkqfud f'k{kk
izokg ls bl rjg voxr djk;k tk;s rkfd os lc bl ns'k osQ vkn'kZ ukxfjd cu losaQ] ;g ubZ f'k{kk uhfr
dk ije è;s; gS] ;gh gS bldk izeq[k y{;A

f'k{kk dk nkf;Ro fdl ij gS] lekt ij] ljdkj ij_ dkSu blls ykHk mBkrk gS] dkSu fdl ij [kpZ djrk
gS_ vkfn ,sls iz'u gSa] ftu ij iqufoZpkj vko';d gSA bl iz'u dh xaHkhjrk rFkk ubZ f'k{kk uhfr dh vko';drk
rFkk izfrc¼rk osQ fo"k; esa gfj;k.kk izns'k osQ eq[;ea=kh ekuuh; nsohyky dk dFku gSμvkt gekjh f'k{kk
fnuksa&fnu eg¡xh gksrh tk jgh gS] ,d rjiQ bl izdkj osQ ifCyd LowQy gSa vkSj nwu LowQy gSa tgk¡ izfr fo|kFkhZ]
izfr ekl gtkjksa #i;k [kpZ gksrk gS vkSj nwljh rjiQ ,sls LowQy gSa] tgk¡ fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks cSBus rd dks VkV iêðh
Hkh ulhc ugha gSA f'k{kk osQ nksgjs ekun.Mksa dks tc rd lekIr ugha fd;k tkrk] vehj vkSj xjhc] nksuksa osQ
cPpksa dks tc rd ,d gh cSap ij cSBkdj f'k{kk nsus dh O;oLFkk ugha dh tkrh] rc rd ge mu ekuo ewY;ksa
vkSj uSfrd xq.kksa rFkk Hkkjrh; vkn'kks± dks izkIr ugha dj ldrs tks gekjh f'k{kk dk eq[; vkèkkj gksus pkfg;sA
blfy;s ubZ jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr osQ lok±x Lo:i ij xaHkhjrk ls fopkj djus dh t:jr gSA

jkԻh; f'k{kk uhfr us iwjs ns'k esa leku f'k{kk iz.kkyh ykxw djus ij cy fn;kA f'k{kk osQ lHkh Lrjksa
ij ,d tSlh f'k{kk iz.kkyh jkԻ osQ 'kSf{kd fodkl esa lgk;d gksxhA

jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr osQ eqís
f'k{kk uhfr fdlh Hkh jk"Vª osQ fuekZ.k esa egÙoiw.kZ ;ksx nsrh gSA Hkkjr esa izR;sd 'kklu dky esa 'kkldksa us vius
vkn'kks± rFkk n'kZu osQ lUnHkZ esa f'k{kk uhfr dk fuekZ.k fd;kA bldk izeq[k dkj.k jgk gS fd f'k{kk lnk ls ekuo
bfrgkl dks fodflr djrh jgh gS] blus dky dh psrkouh rFkk lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd pqukSrh dk lkeuk fd;k
gSA vkfn dky ls pyh vk jgh f'k{kk dh] izfØ;k vkt Hkh fdlh u fdlhu :i esa fo|eku gSA

Hkkjr ljdkj us ubZ f'k{kk uhfr dh ?kks"k.kk dhA bl uhfr esa ;g rF; viuk;s x;sμ
1- f'k{kk dh Hkwfedk vkSj rRoμjk"Vªh; lUnHkZ esa f'k{kk lHkh osQ fy;s vko';d gS] lok±xh.k fodkl dk
;g vkèkkj gSA f'k{kk lkaLÑfrd lfEeJ.k dh Hkwfedk izLrqr djrh gSA blesa lafoèkku esa iznÙk turU=k vkSj
èkeZ fujis{krk osQ y{; dks izkIr djus dh 'kfDr gSA ckSf¼d LorU=krk] oSKkfud LoHkko vkSj jk"Vªh; lexzrk
dh n`f"V ls ;g laosnuk dk fodkl djrh gS] lHkh vkfFkZd Lrjksa ij ;g tu'kfDr dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA
jk"Vª esa vkRe&fuHkZjrk osQ fy;s vuqlaèkku }kjk u;s {ks=kksa dk irk yxkrh gS vkSj bu lcls ijs f'k{kk orZeku
rFkk Hkfo"; esa fofu;ksx gS vkSj jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr dk ;g egÙoiw.kZ fcUnq gSA

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