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fof'k"V f'k{kk
uksV bl 'kCn esa ,sls ckyd lfEefyr ugha gSA tks vfèkxe lacUèkh leL;k ls ihfM+r gS ysfdu bldk eq[; dkj.k
n`f"V] Jo.k ckfèkrk] gkFk ;k iSj ls dk;Z u dj ikuk] ekufld efUnrk] HkkoukRed fo{kksHk ;k okrkoj.k
fof{kIrrk vFkok lkaLÑfrd ;k vk£Fkd nks"k gSaA lu~ (1975) esa dkuwu Hkh cukA vfèkxe vleFkZrk ckyd
esa vU; foLr`r {ks=kksa esa v;ksX;rk,¡ iSnk dj ldrh gSaA euksfoKku ls lEcfUèkr bl izdkj osQ 10 {ks=kksa dk
p;u bl vè;k; esa lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA fdlh Hkh ,d {ks=k esa vFkok vfèkd {ks=kksa esa nks"k gksus dk
vFkZ vfèkxe lacUèkh leL;k gSA
oqQN ckyd vfèkdka'k {ks=kksa esa lkekU; fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSaA dHkh&dHkh ,sls ckydksa dks vfèkxe lacUèkh leL;k dk
lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA ,sls ckydksa dks Hkk"kk lh[kus esa Hkh dfBukbZ gksrh gSA ,sls ckydksa dks f'k{k.k {ks=k esa
fy[kus] lquus] le>us] i<+us esa] xf.krh; la[;k,¡ cksyus rFkk lEizs"k.k esa dfBukbZ gksrh gSA
16-1 vfèkxe vleFkZrk dh voèkkj.kk (Concept of Learning Disability)
vfèkxe vleFkZrk dk rkRi;Z vfèkxe lacUèkh ,slh leL;kvksa ls gS tks ckydksa osQ lquus] le>us cksyus] fy[kus]
i<+us ;k xf.krh; la[;kvksa eas ckyd dh v;ksX;rk vkaf'kd :i ls ;k iw.kZ :i ls izn£'kr djrs gSa vFkkZr mijksDr
dk;Z {ks=k esa ckyd ekin.Mksa osQ vkèkkj ij fuiq.krk izkIr ugha dj ikrkA dHkh&dHkh ckyd esa Jo.k] n`f"V]
'kkjhfjd] ekufld efUnrk lacUèkh nks"k ugha gksrs gSa vkSj uk gh ckyd vk£Fkd :i ls fiNM+h Js.kh esa ik;k
tkrk gSA ,sls ckydksa esa Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx djus vFkok le>us esa euksfoKku lacUèkh izfØ;kvksa esa vHkko vkSj nks"kksa
dk gksuk eq[; dkj.k gksrk gSA
fdoZQ (1962) osQ vuqlkjµvfèkxe vleFkZrk dk rkRi;Z ckyd dk ean xfr ls fodkl gksuk vFkok ekin.Mksa
ls vfèkd le; yxus ls lEcfUèkr gSA fodkl esa eUnrk dh nj dk ckyd osQ cksyus] i<+us] Hkk"kk lacUèkh 'kCnksa
osQ fofHk orZuh v{kj djosQ i<+us fy[kus vFkok ,d ls vfèkd fØ;kvksa osQ djus esa ckyd dfBukb;ksa dk
vuqHko djrk gSA bl izdkj dh leL;kvksa ,oa dfBukbZ dk dkj.k HkkokukRed] O;ogkfjd fo{kksHk vFkok
lEHkor% (cerbral dysfunction) ekufld nks"k gksrk gSA bldk dkj.k ekufld eUnrk] 'kkjhfjd bfUnz;ksa esa deh
vFkok nks"k ugha gksrk gSA bldk dkj.k lkaLÑfrd vFkok vuqns'kkRed nks"k Hkh ugha gksrs gSaA
Kirk (1962) has defined: “Learning disability refers to a retardation disorder, or delayed
development in one or more of the process of speech, language, reading, spelling, writing or
arithmetic skills resulting from a possible cerebral dysfunction and emotional or behavioural
distrubance and not from mental retardation, sensory deprivation, cultural or instructional
factors.”
16-2 vfèkxe vleFkZ ckyd dk vFkZ (Meaning of Learning Disabled Children)
ckydksa dh f'k{kk osQ {ks=k esa bl izdkj dh dfBukbZ ,d jgL; gS vFkkZr ,d xw<+ jgL; gSA ;g leL;k f'k{kkfonksa
osQ fy, ubZ ugha gS ijUrq vfèkxe vleFkZrk osQ izR;; dk vèkwjk bfrgkl gSA oqQN ckyd lkekU; izrhr gksrs
gSa ijUrq yxHkx izR;sd vofèk esa og vfèkxe lacUèkh leL;k,¡ crykrs gSaA og v{kjksa osQ Øe dks Hkyh izdkj
ls ugha fy[k ikrs ijUrq mls myV iyV dj fy[k nsrs gSaA tSls [kkuk dks uk[kk] jke dks ejk vkfn fy[krs gSaA
,sls ckyd 'kCnksa ij viuk è;ku ,dkxz ugha dj ikrsA ;fn ckydksa osQ vkl&ikl 'kksj vFkok dksykgy gks rks
ckyd iw.kZ :i ls ,dkxzfpr u gksus osQ dkj.k =kqfV;ksa dh lHkkouk vfèkd gks tkrh gSA vesfjdk esa ckfèkr
ckydksa ls lEcfUèkr jk"Vªh; lykgdkj lfefr us xEHkhj vleFkZrk dks fuEu izdkj ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSµ
¶vfèkxe vleFkZ ckyd ,d vFkok ,d ls vfèkd euksoSKkfud fØ;kvksa esa nks"k n'kkZrs gSaA ;g nks"k Hkk"kk osQ
fy[kus] cksyus vFkok le>us ls lEcfUèkr gksrs gSA nks"kksa dk vkèkkj lquuk] lkspuk] lEizs"k.k] i<+uk] fy[kuk]
orZuh djuk] Hkko O;Dr djuk rFkk xf.kr lacUèkh vadksa vkfn dk gksrk gSA blesa ckyd dh ,slh voLFkk,¡ Hkh
138 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
