Page 145 - DEDU506_SPECIAL_EDUCATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—16% vfèkxe vleFkZrk% ifjHkk"kk] izdkj ,oa fo'ks"krk,¡

lfEefyr gksrh gSa tks efLr"d esa pksV] efLr"d dk lqpk: :i ls dk;Z u djuk] fMySfDl;k (Dyslexia) uksV
vFkok viSQfl;k (aphasia) dk c<+kuk vkfn leL;kvksa ls lEcfUèkr gksrs gSA blesa vfèkxe leL;k,¡ lEefyr ugha
gksrh gSA tks ckyd dh 'kkjhfjd] Jo.k] n`f"V] ekufld efUnrk] gkFk iSjksa dk lqpk: :i ls dk;Z u djuk]
HkkokukRed fo{kksHk vFkok okrkoj.k esa fdlh izdkj dh deh vFkok vuqi;qDr vkfn leL;k,a fdlh Hkh izdkj
ls izHkko'kkyh ugha gksrh gSA vFkkZr~ ,sls ckydksa esa mijksDr leL;k,a ugha ikbZ tkrh gSA¸
“LD children exhibit disorder in one or more basic psychological process involved in
understanding and in using spoken or written language. The disorders manifested in listening,
thinking, talking, reading, writing, spelling, and arithmetic skills. They include conditions
which are referred to as perceptual problems, brain injury, minimal brain dynfunction, dyslexia,
developmental aphasia etc. They do not include learning problems which are primarily due to
visual, hearing, or motor handicapps, mental retardation, emotional disturbance, or the
environmental disadvantages.”
,sls ckydksa dh vfèkd la[;k gS ftUgsa fdlh fo'ks"k fo"k; osQ vfèkxe esa leL;k,¡ gksrh gSA lkekU;r% vfèkxe
lEcfUèkr leL;k,¡ fuEufyf[kr dkj.kksa esa ,d vFkok ,d ls vfèkd dk ik;k tkuk gksrk gSµ
(1) cqf¼ Lrj esa deh (2) ekufld eUnrk
(3) vk£Fkd dfBukbZ;k¡ (4) gkFk@iSj lacUèkh nko
(5) n`f"V ckfèkrk (6) lkaLÑfrd ßkl
(7) leqfpr vuqns'ku dk vHkko

mijksDr dkj.kksa ls vfèkxe lacUèkh leL;k,¡ vfèkxe vleFkZrk esa ugha le>h tkrh gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ,d
ekufld efUnr ckyd dks LowQy }kjk i<+k;s tkus okys izR;sd fo"k; esa leL;k gksrh gSA ekufld efUnr ckyd
dh vfèkxe lacUèkh leL;kvksa dk dkj.k vfèkxe vleFkZrk ugha gksrh ijUrq mldh leL;k dk dkj.k cqf¼]
Lrj esa deh dk ik;k tkuk gksrh gSA blh izdkj n`f"Vghu ckyd dh vfèkxe leL;k dk dkj.k n`f"V ckfèkrk
vFkok n`f"V {kfr ls lEcfUèkr gksrk gS ;g vfèkxe vleFkZrk ugha gSA

fMLysfDl;k ij vkèkkfjr vkfej [kku }kjk funsZf'kr ,oa vfHkuhfr fiQYe dkSu lh Fkh\ fiQYe osQ
lgdykdkjksa osQ uke Hkh crkb,A

16-3 vfèkxe vleFkZrk dh ifjHkk"kk (Definition of Learning Disability)

vesfjdk (1968) dh viaxksa dh jk"Vªh; lykgdkj lfefr osQ vuqlkj ¶vfèkxe vleFkZrk¸ dh ifjHkk"kk bl
izdkj nh gSaµ¶ckydksa dh fof'k"V vfèkxe vleFkZrk ckyd osQ }kjk Hkk"kk dks fy[kus ;k cksyus esa] euksoSKkfud
izfØ;kvksa esa ,d vFkok ,d ls vfèkd lqpk: :i ls iz.kkyh dk dk;Z u dj ikuk gksrk gSA¸

bl izdkj dh dfe;ksa dk eq[; vkèkkj lquus] cksyus] le>us] fopkj djus] i<+us] fy[kus] x.kuk djus rFkk 'kCnksa
osQ fofHk orZuh nks"k djus esa detksjh dk ik;k tkuk gksrk gSA bl izdkj dh vleFkZrk esa 'kkjhfjd ckfèkrk tSls
Mk;ySfDl;k (dyslexia) vFkok viSQfl;k (aphasia) dk fodflr gksus dh n'kk ls Hkh rkRi;Z gS ftls blesa
lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA blesa vf/xe lacUèkh leL;k,¡ lfEefyr ugha gS tks eq[;r;kµn`f"V] vfèkxe] gkFk@iSj]
ekufld efUnrk] HkkokukRed fo{kkse vFkok okrkoj.k dk leqfpr u gksus osQ dkj.k gksrh gSA vesfjdk dh (1981)
vfèkxe vleFkZrk dh lgk;d jk"Vªh; lfefr us vfèkxe vleFkZrk dh fuEufyf[kr ifjHkk"kk nh gS tks vUrjkZ"Vªh;
Lrj ij lHkh jk"Vªksa us ,der ls Lohdkj fd;k gSµ

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 139