Page 73 - DENG504_LINGUISTICS

Unit 5: Classification of Speech Sounds: Vowels, Consonants-General Introduction

e Cardinal Vowel no. 2 (approximately as in French the); used for Eng. [e] in bed, and first Notes
element of diphthong [ei]
unrounded central vowel (Eng. initial and final vowels in another)
e
d retroflexed central vowel (American er in water)
ε Cardinal Vowel no. 3 (approximately as in French pere); used for first element of diphthong
[ ε e ]
3 unrounded central vowel (Eng. vowel in bird)
f voiceless labio-dental fricative (Eng. f in four)
j voiced palatal plosive

g voiced velar plosive (Eng. g in eager)
m voiced ingressive velar plosive.
h voiceless glottal fricative (Eng. h in house)
t voiced glottal fricative (sometimes Eng. h in behind)
i Cardinal Vowel no. 1 (approximately as in French si); used for Eng [i:] in see
v unrounded central close vowel
1 centralized unrounded half-close vowel. (Eng. vowel in sit)
j palatal unrounded semi-vowel (Eng. y in you)
r linguo-alveolar tap (sometimes r in Eng. very)
k voiceless velar plosive (Eng. c in car)
1 voiced alveolar lateral continuant (Eng. l in lay)
ł voiced alveolar lateral continuant with velarization (Eng. ll in ill)
φ voiceless alveolar lateral fricative (Welsh ll)
m voiced bilabial nasal (Eng. m in me)
„ voiced labio-dental nasal (Eng. m in comfort)

‚ unrounded Cardinal Vowel no. 8
n voiced alveolar nasal (Eng. n in no)
ŋ voiced velar nasal (Eng. ng in sing)
… voiced palatal nasal (French gn in vigne)

o Cardinal Vowel no. 7 (approximately as in French eau)
o / rounded Cardinal Vowel no. 2 (approximately as in French peu)
œ open rounded Cardinal Vowel no. 3 (approximately as in French peur)
θ voiceless dental fricative (Eng. th in thing)
p voiceless bilabial plosive (Eng. p in pea)
r linguo-alveolar roll (Scottish, Italian r); also used for Eng. r in red voiced post-alveolar
frictionless continuant (Eng. r in red)
 voiced retroflex frictionless continuant
R voiced uvular roll
“ voiced uvular fricative or frictionless continuant
S voiceless alveolar fricative (Eng. s in see)

∫ voiceless palato-alveolar fricative (Eng. sh in she)

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