Page 78 - DENG504_LINGUISTICS

Linguistics

Notes 3. Trill (or Rolled Consonants) : In the production of a trill, the active articulator taps several
times against the passive articulator. The stricture involved
can be called a stricture of intermittent closure. Scottish /r/,
for example in red, in which the tip of the tongue strikes
against the teeth ridge a number of times, is called a trilled
consonant. In Hindi words like Ram/ ra: m/ and rath
/r θ / we have this variety of /r/.
e
5.7 Review Questions
1. Describe the kind of stricture involved in the articulation of: (a) a lateral consonant, (b) a
plosive consonant, (c) a nasal, (d) an affricate, (e) a vowel, (f) a semi-vowel, (g) a frictionless
continuant.
Or
Consonant sounds can be pronounced either by a ‘complete closure made by the lips or by the
tongue’ or by ‘a narrowing which causes friction’. The closure and the narrowing can be made
either with the tongue or the lips. Pronounce the following words carefully and put the consonant
sounds in the black letters into the correct places in the table.
sin, shin, fin, kin, pin, din, lin, bin, begin thin then, vent, men, sin, sins, song, measure.

Complete closure Narrowing

Tongue

Lips

2. Divide the following words into syllables and mark the structure of each syllable. (Do not be
misled by spelling)
e.g. phonetics/f o -ne-tiks/
cv-cv-cvcc
(i) cigarette (ii) linguistics (iii) morphology (iv) syntax
(v) grammar (vi) butter (vii) button (viii) suddenly
(ix) responsibility (x) college (xi) student (xii) remarkable
(xiii) calendar (xi) translation (xv) director.
3. Give the phonetic symbols for:
(i) a voiceless dental plosive,
(ii) a voiced velar nasal,
(iii) a voiced palato-alveolar fricative
4. What is meant by (a) a front vowel and (b) a back vowel, and (c) a central vowel? Give
examples from English and from your own native language.
5. What is meant by (a) a close vowel and (b) an open vowel? Give examples from English and
your mother tongue.
6. Describe the vowel sounds in the following English words according, to the R.P. of England
and General Indian English:
beat, bit, gate, bed, bad, cut, cart, cot, court, all, horse, force, home, book, cool, bird, about.

72 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY