Page 150 - DHIN401_HINDI_SAHITYA_KA_ITIHAAS

¯gnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl

uksV dhaA fu"d"kZ ;g fd jhfrdky rd vkrs&vkrs cztHkk"kk O;kid dkO; Hkk"kk osQ :i esa izfrf"Br gks xbZ
FkhA jhfrdkyhu cztHkk"kk vius 'kCn lkS"Bo] vkuqizkfldrk] eèkqjrk ,oa inykfyR; osQ dkj.k dkO;
Hkk"kk osQ fy, iw.kZ mi;qDr cu pqdh Fkh] ¯drq mlesa dfo;ksa us euekuh rksM+&ejksM+ Hkh dhA vkpk;Z
jkepanz 'kqDy us jhfrdkyhu cztHkk"kk osQ bl nks"k dh vksj laosQr djrs gq, ¯gnh lkfgR; osQ bfrgkl
esa fy[kk gSμ^^jhfrdky esa ,d cM+s vHkko dh iwwfrZ gks tkuh pkfg, Fkh] ij og ugha gqbZA Hkk"kk ftl
le; lSdM+ksa dfo;ksa }kjk ifjekftZr gksdj izkS<+rk dks igq¡ph mlh le; O;kdj.k }kjk mldh O;oLFkk
---
gksuh pkfg, FkhA ;fn 'kCnksa osQ :i fLFkj gks tkrs vkSj 'kq¼ :iksa osQ iz;ksx ij tksj fn;k tkrk] rks
'kCnksa dks rksM+&ejksM+dj foÑr djus dk lkgl dfo;ksa dks u gksrk] ij bl izdkj dh dksbZ O;oLFkk
ugha gqbZ] ftlls Hkk"kk esa cgqr oqQN xM+cM+h cuh jghA**
jhfrdkyhu dfo;ksa us cztHkk"kk esa voèkh 'kCnksa ,oa :iksa dk bPNkuqlkj iz;ksx fd;k gSA fcgkjh dh Hkk"kk
esa ^dhu*] ^nhu* tSls fØ;k :i blh izo`fÙk osQ ifjpk;d gSaA bl dky dh cztHkk"kk esa iQkjlh 'kCnksa
dk iz;ksx Hkh c<+ pyk FkkA jhfrdkyhu cztHkk"kk esa iQkjlh 'kCnksa osQ iz;ksxkfèkD; ij fVIi.kh djrs gq,
'kqDy th fy[krs gSaμ^^jktk&egkjktkvksa osQ njckj esa fons'kh f'k"Vrk vkSj lH;rk osQ O;ogkj dk
vuqdj.k gks jgk Fkk vkSj iQkjlh osQ yPNsnkj 'kCn ogk¡ pkjksa vksj lqukbZ nsus yxsA vr% HkkV ;k dfo
yksx ^vk;q"eku* vkSj ^t; t;dkj* gh rd vius dks oSQls j[k ldrs Fks\ os Hkh njckj esa ^mejnjkt
egkjkt rsjh pkfg,* iqdkjus yxsA**
jhfreqDr dfo;ksa dh Hkk"kk esa yk{kf.kdrk dk lkSan;Z Hkh fo|eku gSA y{k.kk vkSj O;atuk dk lgkjk ysrs
gq, ?kukuan tSls dfo us dkO; Hkk"kk dh 'kfDr dk ifjp; fn;k gSA vkpk;Z 'kqDy us ?kukuan dh dkO;
Hkk"kk dh iz'kalk djrs gq, fy[kk gSμ^^?kukuan th mu fcjys dfo;ksa esa gSa] tks Hkk"kk dh O;atdrk c<+krs
gSaA viuh Hkkoukvksa osQ vuwBs :i&jax dh O;atuk osQ fy, Hkk"kk dk ,slk csèkM+d iz;ksx djus okyk
¯gnh osQ iqjkus dfo;ksa esa nwljk ugha gqvkA Hkk"kk osQ y{k.k ,oa O;atd cy dh lhek dgk¡ rd gS] bldh
iwjh ij[k bUgha dks FkhA**

fu"d"kZ ;g fd jhfrdkyhu cztHkk"kk esa ,d vksj rks ekèkq;Z ,oa ukn lkSan;Z fo|eku gS rks nwljh vksj
mlesa vkuqizkfldrk ,oa yk{kf.kdrk gksus ls mldk lkSan;Z f}xqf.kr gks x;k gSA bu dfo;ksa dh Hkk"kk
lkeF;Z Hkh viwoZ gh dgh tk ldrh gSA
jhfrdkyhu dfo;ksa us dfoÙk] loS;k] nksgs vfèkd fy[ks gSa tks muosQ o.;Z fo"k; osQ fy, iw.kZr% mi;qDr
Nan FksA bu dfo;ksa us ,d vksj rks y{k.k xzaFk fy[kdj ¯gnh dkO;&jfldksa dks dkO;'kkL=k ls ifjfpr
djk;k rks nwljh vksj Ük`axkj izèkku jpuk,¡ fy[kdj dkO; esa ekèkq;Z dk lekos'k fd;kA ^fcgkjh lrlbZ*
jhfrdky dh loZJs"B Ñfr ekuh tk ldrh gS] tks viuh dkO; dyk] Hkk"kk lkeF;Z ,oa
vkyadkfjdrk osQ dkj.k ,oa vf}rh; Ñfr cu iM+h gSA fcgkjh] nso] lsukifr] ?kukuan] osQ'ko]
fHk[kkjhnkl] in~ekdj tSls l'kDr dfo;ksa dh jpukvksa ls laiUu jhfrdky fuf'pr :i ls ¯gnh lkfgr;
dh ,d egÙoiw.kZ dky gSA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)

cgqfodYih; ç'uμ
------------------------
5- o`an lrlbZ esa uhfr lacaèkh lqanj mfDr;ksa dks :i fn;k x;k gSA
(d) Ük`axkj ([k) u;k
(x) dkO; (?k) mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha
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6- jhfrdkyhu dfo dks iq#"k osQ vkd"kZ.k dk osaQnz ,oa mudh vad'kkf;uh ek=k le>rs FksA
(d) èku ([k) lksuk
(x) ghjs (?k) ukjh

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