Page 330 - DHIN401_HINDI_SAHITYA_KA_ITIHAAS

¯gnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl

uksV lkfgR;*] ve`rjk; fyf[kr ^dye dk flikgh*] fo".kq izHkkdj fyf[kr ^vkokjk elhgk*] MkW- Hkxorh
izlkn flag fyf[kr ^euh"kh dh yksd;k=kk* vkfn fo'ks"k :i ls mYys[kuh; Ñfr;k¡ gSaA bu Ñfr;ksa osQ
vykok t;izdk'k ukjk;.k] Hkhejko vEcsndj] MkW- jkeeuksgj yksfg;k] egkRek xk¡èkh] MkW- jktsanz izlkn]
tokgj yky usg:] lqHkk"kpanz cksl] yky cgknqj 'kkL=kh] MkW- jkèkkÑ".ku] vkpk;Z ujsanznso vkfn
jktusrkvksa] dfo;ksa] egkiq#"kksa vkSj egkekuoksa osQ thou pfj=k ij thofu;k¡ fy[kh xb±A MkW- jkaxs; jk?ko
us egkiq#"kksa vkSj lkfgR; lkèkdksa ls lacafèkr NksVh&NksVh vkSiU;kfld 'kSyh esa thofu;k¡ fy[kh gSaA bèkj
MkW- y{ehukjk;.k yky fyf[kr ^vaèkdkj esa ,d izdk'k% t;izdk'k* [;kfr&izkIr thouh gSA
bl izdkj ¯gnh thouh&lkfgR; lkS o"kZ ls vfèkd dh fodkl&;k=kk iwjk dj pqdk gSA bl vofèk esa gtkjksa
thofu;ksa us bl lkfgfR;d foèkk dks le`¼ fd;k gSA vkt ^fo'o osQ egku oSKkfud*] ^fo'o osQ egku
lkfgR;dkj*] ^fo'o dh iz[;kr efgyk,¡* uke ls NksVs&NksVs ckydksa vkSj fd'kksjksa osQ fy, thofu;k¡ fy[kh tk
jgh gSaA bèkj jktdey ,.M lal] vkRekjke ,.M lal rFkk ¯gnh izpkjd laLFkku us fo'o osQ izfl¼ oSKkfudksa]
vkfo"dkjdksa vkSj [kksft;ksa dh oqQN fd'kksjksi;ksxh thfou;k¡ izdkf'kr dh gSaA ¯gnh esa fyf[kr oqQN thofu;ksa
dk vuqokn vusd fons'kh rFkk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa gks pqdk gSA caxyk Hkk"kk osQ lqizfl¼ lkfgR;dkj 'kjrpanz
dh fo".kq izHkkdj&fyf[kr thouh ^vkokjk elhgk* bruh izkekf.kd vkSj yksdfiz; gqbZ fd caxyk Hkk"kk esa
fyf[kr dksbZ Hkh thouh bldh cjkcjh ugha dj ikrhA mUgksaus 'kjrpanz osQ thou ls laca¼ laiw.kZ miyCèk lkexzh
dk vuq'khyu djosQ mudh izfrHkk dks blesa mn~?kkfVr fd;k gSA oLrqr% bl Ñfr ls 'kjrpanz dh izfrHkk dk
iqul`Ztu gqvk gSA

VkLd ¯gnh thouh lkfgR; dh fodkl&;k=kk ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A

fo'ks"k ckr ;g gS fd vkt fofHkUu lkfgR;dkjksa ij gksus okys vuqlaèkkuksa rFkk 'kksèk&xzaFkksa esa thouh lkfgR;&foèkk
dk dykRed <ax ls izekf.kd vkSj fo'oluh; Lo:i :ikf;r gks jgk gSμ;Fkkμ^fo|kifr% O;fDr vkSj jpukdkj*]
^osQnkjukFk vxzoky% O;fDr vkSj jpukdkj* vkSj ^vKs; dh lkSan;Z psruk* vkfnA buosQ vfrfjDr bl {ks=k esa
j-fo- èkqysdj laikfnr ^ekr`Hkwfe 'kCn dks'k*] MkW- izseukjk;.k V.Mu osQ ^¯gnh lkfgR;dkj dks'k* ^Mh-vkj- Vksyhoky
osQ Hkkjro"kZ dh foHkwfr;k¡* rFkk ,l-ih- HkV~Vkpk;Z osQ ^Lora=krk laxzke osQ lSfud* uked Ñfr;k¡ fo'ks"k :i
ls mYys[kuh; gSaA mi;qZDr thofu;ksa osQ izdkf'kr gksus osQ ckotwn vHkh ge ;g ugha dg ldrs fd ¯gnh dk
thouh&lkfgR; fo'oLrj dh thofu;ksa osQ le{k igq¡p pqdk gSA blosQ fy, lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj fo}kuksa dks vHkh
cgqr oqQN djuk 'ks"k gSA thouh&ys[ku osQ fy, ftl euksHkwfe dh vko';drk gksrh gS] ¯gnh thouh&lkfgR;
esa vHkh rd mldh deh gSA fiQj Hkh] ¯gnh thouh&lkfgR; fujarj o`f¼ izkIr dj jgk gSA bl rjg fo"k; oSfoè;
dh n`f"V ls ¯gnh thouh&lkfgR; dk Hkfo"; i;kZIr vk'kktud vkSj leqTToy gSA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa ls lR;@vlR; crk,¡μ

7- thouh lkfgR;&foèkk osQ 'kkL=kh; i{k dk foospu vHkh rd ¯gnh esa u osQ cjkcj gSA
8- thouh&lkfgR; esa ftl izekf.kdrk vkSj dykRedrk dh vko';drk iM+rh gS] mldk buesa vHkko
gSA
9- ckaXyk esa fyf[kr oqQN thofu;ksa dk vuqokn vusd fons'kh rFkk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa gks pqdk gSA

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