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bdkbZµ7% ^ck.kHkV ð dh vkRedFkk* % laokn&;kstuk
¶HkV ð ] fdl vijkèk ij dkU;oqQCt dk yEiV&'kj.; jktk eq>s iQkalh nsuk pkgrk gS\ esjs mlh vijkèk osQ cy uksV
ij og nsoiq=k rqojfefyUn ls fe=krk djuk pkgrk gSA esjh tSlh vlgk; vcykvksa dks n.M nsus okyk mldk
dBksj HkqtnaM D;k EysPN&okfguh ls viuh iztkvksa dks ugha cpk ldrk\ lpeqp rqe fo'okl djrs gks vk;Z fd
bl fuoh;Z 'kklu&ra=k ls nsoiq=k dh lsuk dk feyki gksrs gh vk;kZorZ jDr&Luku ls cp tk,xk\ vk;kZorZ osQ
lekt osQ ewy esa ?kqu yx x;k gS] mls egkuk'k ls dksbZ ugha cpk ldrkA eSa iwNrh gw¡ vk;Z] D;k NksVk lR; dk
fojksèkh gksrk gS\** fuiqf.kdk us mÙkj ikus dh vk'kk ls esjh vksj ns[kkA eSa bl iz'u dk dksbZ iz;kstu ugha le>
ldk] lgt Hkko ls mÙkj fn;kµ¶lR; vojksèkh gksrk gS] ,slk gh rks lquk gSA¸ fuiqf.kdk us vk'oLr gksdj
dgkµ¶vk;Z] rqEgha esjs nsork gks] rqEgha esjs lR; gksA rqEgkjs lkFk nh?kZ dky rd jgus dk lkSHkkX; eq>s feyk gS]
esjh gh 'kiFk djosQ rqe lR;&lR; dgks] esjk dkSu&lk ,slk ikipfj=k gS ftlosQ dkj.k eSa funk#.k nq[k dh HkV~Vh
esa vkthou tyrh jgh\ D;k L=kh gksuk gh esjs lkjs vuFkks± dh tM+ ugha gS\ rqe bl NksVs&ls lR; osQ lkFk
jk"Vª&thou osQ cM+s lR; dks vfojksèkh ik jgs gks\ D;k o`gÙkj lR; osQ uke ij feF;k dk rk.Mo ugha py jgk
gS\ oSQls vk'kk djrs gks vk;Z fd nsoiq=k dk izcy HkqtnaM bl lekt dks uk'k osQ xrZ ls cpk ysxk\ egkdkfydk
[kqydj bl nsoHkwfe ij u`R; djsaxh] egkuk'k osQ coaMj esa ;g lc oqQN rwy[kaM dh Hkk¡fr mM+ tk,xk] fofPNUu
vn`'; [kaMikiksa dk izk;f'pr vlaHko gSA fuiqf.kdk lkekU; viekfurk ukjh gSA¸
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self-Assessment)
cgqfodYih; iz'u (Multiple Choice Questions) :
4- ukxfjd os'k esa fdrus l'kL=k lSfud paMh&eaMi dh j[kokyh dj jgs Fks\
(d) ,d ([k) rhu
(x) ik¡p (?k) lkrA
5- pfj=kghuksa osQ chp okl djus ls dkSu dyafdr ugha gksrh\
(d) y{eh ([k) ljLorh
(x) lhrk (?k) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA
6- ^ve`r osQ iq=kksa] e`R;q dk Hk; ek;k gSA* fdldk dFku gS\
(d) egkek;k ([k) lqpfjrk
(x) Hkfêðuh (?k) fuiqf.kdkA
10- pfj=k izdk'ku dh {kerkµmiU;kl osQ laokn ,sls gksus pkfg, tks ik=kksa osQ pfj=kksa dk mn~?kkVu djus dh
{kerk j[krs gksa] ik=kksa dh euksn'kk] muosQ vkUrfjd mQgkiksg vkSj mudh eu%fLFkfr blh izdkj osQ laoknksa ls tkuh
tk ldrh gSA ^ck.kHkV ð dh vkRedFkk* esa ,sls laoknksa dh Hkh deh ugha gSA ck.kHkV ð ,oa HkfV ð uh osQ bl laokn dks
mnkgj.kkFkZ izLrqr fd;k tk ldrk gSµ
Hkfêðuh laHky xbZ cksyhµ^^eSa LFkk.oh'oj osQ jktoa'k ls ?k`.kk djrh gw¡A jktoa'k ls lac¼ fdlh O;fDr dk vkJ;
ikus ls igys eSa ;ejkt dk vkJ; xzg.k d:¡xhA Hknz] vkpk;Zikn us esjh dY;k.k&dkeuk osQ Hkze esa esjk lR;kuk'k
fd;k gSA**
eSa èko~Q ls jg x;kA ysfdu fLFkfr lqoqQekj FkhA tjk&lh =kqfV gksus ls bl egh;lh jktckyk dk loZuk'k gks tk,xkA
eSaus n`<+rk osQ lkFk dgkµ¶Hknz] vki ck.kHkV ð ij Hkjkslk j[ksaA lexz dkU;oqQCt dh lSU;&'kfDr Hkh vkidh bPNk
osQ fo#¼ vkidks dgha ugha ys tk ldrhA dy rd ;g vafdpu iFk&Hkzkar vdekZ FkkA vkt ls bls fo"k;
lej&fot;h] okàhd foenZu] izR;Ur ckMo] nsoiq=k rqojfefyUn dh izk.kkfèkd dU;k dk lsod cuus dk xkSjo
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 83