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lkfgR;'kkL=k (Hkkjrh; ,oa ik'pkR;)

uksV Lohdkj djrs gSaA Ñikjke osQ i'pkr~ dfri; fo}ku lwjnkl Ñr ^lkfgR; ygjh*] v"VNki osQ dfo uannkl Ñr
^:i eatjh*] ^jl eatjh* vkSj ^fojg eatjh*] jghenkl Ñr ^cjoS ukf;dk*] eksguyky feJ jfpr ^ Üka`xkj lkxj*]
d.ksZ'k (djusl) jfpr ^d.kkZHkj.k*] ^JqfrHkw"k.k* vkSj ^HkwiHkw"k.k*] cyHkæÑr ^u[kf'k[k* vkSj eqfuyky Ñr
^jkeizdk'k* dks dkO;'kkL=kh; xzaFk ekurs gSaA ¯drq [ksn gS fd buesa Hkh izk;% lHkh xzaFk miyCèk ugha gSaA ,slh n'kk
esa ¯gnh dkO;'kkL=k osQ bfrgkl esa bu xzaFkksa dk egÙo tks Hkh gks] ¯drq ¯gnh dkO;'kkL=k dk mRl bUgha xzaFkksa ls
ekuk tkuk pkfg,_ D;ksafd ijaijk dk izokg ,dk,d rhoz ugha gksrk gSA vkpk;Z osQ'ko osQ ckn ¯prkef.k osQ i'pkr~
¯gnh dkO;'kkL=k dh èkkjk izokfgr gksrh gS] fuLlansg vkpk;Z osQ'ko iwoZ ¯gnh lkfgR; esa l`ftr LiqQV dkO;'kkL=kh;
xzaFkksa dk egÙo Lo;a fl¼ gks tkrk gSA

oLrqr% ¯gnh dkO;'kkL=k dk fofèkor~ Jhx.ks'k vkpk;Z osQ'ko ls vkjaHk gksrk gSA ¯gnh dkO;'kkL=k dh ijaijk
vkpk;Z osQ'konkl ls ysdj v|kofèk rd izokgeku gSA ¯gnh dkO;'kkL=k osQ fodkl Øe dks fuEu pj.kksa esa
fn[kk;k tk ldrk gSµ1- i|dky (jhfr dky)] 2- x|dky (vkèkqfud dky)A

9-3-1 i|dky

¯gnh lkfgR; dh n`f"V ls ;g dky jhfrdky dgk tkrk gSA ;|fi bl dky ls iwoZ Ñikjke Ñr ^fgr rjafx.kh*
ls ysdj eqfuyky Ñr ^jke izdk'k* xzaFkksa }kjk ¯gnh dkO;'kkL=k osQ chtkaoqQfjr gks pqosQ FksA ¯drq vkpk;Z osQ'konkl
rFkk muosQ i'pkr~ osQ vkpk;ks± us ¯gnh dkO;'kkL=k dks iw.kZ O;oLFkk iznku dh Fkh_ D;ksafd blh dky ls
dkO;'kkL=k osQ laiw.kZ vaxksa osQ foospu dh ijaijk py iM+rh gSA vkpk;Z osQ'konkl Ñr ^jfld fiz;k* (la- 1648
fo-) vkSj ^dfofiz;k* (la 1658 fo-) ls i|dky dk izkjaHk gksrk gSA vkpk;Z osQ'koÑr ^jfld fiz;k* vkSj
^dfofiz;k* esa dkO;'kkL=k dk lexz foospu gqvk gSA vkpk;Z osQ'ko osQ i'pkr~ 50 o"kks± rd ¯gnh dkO;'kkL=k
dh èkkjk relko`Ùk gks tkrh gS] D;ksafd vkpk;Z osQ'konkl Ñr dfofiz;k (1658 fo-) osQ Bhd 50 o"kks± osQ ckn
¯prkef.k us la- 1700 fo- osQ vklikl ^dkO;foosd*] ^dfooqQy*] ^dYir dkO; izdk'k* vkSj ^jleatjh* vkfn
dkO;'kkL=kh; xazaFkksa osQ iz.k;u ls ¯gnh dkO;'kkL=k dh èkkjk dks iquthZfor fd;k FkkA vkpk;Z ¯prkef.k osQ i'pkr~
¯gnh dkO;'kkL=kh; ijaijk vckèk xfr ls izokfgr gksrh gSA ;|fi dfri; 'kksèk drkZvksa us vkpk;Z osQ'konkl vkSj
¯prkef.k osQ chp yqIr izk;% dkO;'kkL=kh; ijaijk dks ikVus osQ iz;Ru fd, gSa] ¯drq lE;o~Q izek.kksa osQ vHkko
esa 'kksèk dÙkkZvksa osQ iz;Ru tuJqfrek=k gh jg x, gSaA
vkyksP; dky osQ izeq[k vkpk;ks± esa egkjktk tloar ¯lg Ñr ^Hkk"kk Hkw"k.k*] rks"kÑr ^lqèkkfufèk*] efrjke Ñr
^jljkt*] ^yfyr yyke*] ^lkfgR; lkj*] ^vyadkj iapkf'kdk* vkSj ^y{k.k Ük`axkj*] oqQyfir feJ Ñr jl jgL;
vkSj ^xq.kjl jgL;*] Hkw"k.k Ñr ^f'kojkt Hkw"k.k*] lq[knso feJ Ñr ^o`Ùk fopkj*] ^Nan fopkj*] inqeunkl Ñr
^dkO; eatjh*] nso Ñr ^dkO; jlk;u*] ^jl foykl* vkSj ^Hkko foykl*] xksiÑr ^jkepaækHkj.k*] oqQekjef.k Ñr
^jfld jlky*] lwjfrfeJ Ñr ^vyadkj ekyk*] ^jl jRuekyk*] ^jl xzkgd* vkfn] jfld lqefr Ñr ^vyadkj
paæksn;*] Jhifr Ñr ^dfooqQy dYiæqe*] ^jl lkxj* vkSj ^dkO;ljkst* vkfn] [kaMu dk;LFk Ñr ^Hkw"k.knke*]
lkseukFk Ñr ^jl ih;w"k fufèk*] fHk[kkjhnkl Ñr ^dkO; fu.kZ;*] jl:i Ñr ^rqylhHkw"k.k*] :i lkfg Ñr ^:i
foykl*] tujkt Ñr ^dfork jl fouksn*] jfld xks¯on Ñr ^nw"k.kksYykl* vkSj ^jfld xks¯onk?ku* mYys[kuh;
gSaA

bl dky osQ vU; dkO;'kkL=kh; xzaFkksa osQ iz.ksrkvksa esa ½f"kukFk] tujkt] gfjpj.knkl] mesnjke] czãnÙk]
dkf'kjkt] bZ'oj dfo] fxfjèkjnkl] fugky] Xoky] xksoqQynkl] tkudh izlkn] xqykc ¯lg] yfNjke] txUukFk]
izoh.k lkxj xaxkèkj f}t] eqjkfjnku vkfn uke egÙoiw.kZ gSaA

oLrqr% ¯gnh dkO;'kkL=k osQ i|dky esa laLÑr dkO;'kkL=k dh ijaijk dh Li"V Nki ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA MkWú uxsaæ
¯gnh jhfrdky (i|dky) osQ xzaFkksa dks laLÑr osQ vkpk;ks± osQ izHkko ls rhu 'kSyh esa l`ftr ekurs gSaA 1- dkO;

98 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY