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Vinod Kumar, Lovely Professional University bdkbZ 13% okD; dh vo/kj.kk] okD; ifjorZu osQ dkj.k ,oa fn'kk,¡
uksV
bdkbZ 13: okD; dh vo/kj.kk] okD; ifjorZu osQ dkj.k
,oa fn'kk,¡
vuqØef.kdk
mís';
izLrkouk
13-1 okD; dh vo/kj.kk
13-2 okD; jpuk
13-3 okD; ifjorZu osQ dkj.k
13-4 okD; jpuk esa ifjorZu dh fn'kk,¡
13-5 lkjka'k
13-6 'kCndks'k
13-7 vH;kl&iz'u
13-8 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ
mís';
fo|kFkhZ bl bdkbZ osQ vè;;u osQ i'pkr~ l{ke gksaxsµ
• okD; dh vo/kj.kk ls ifjfpr gksaxsA
• okD; ifjorZu osQ dkj.kksa ls voxr gksaxsA
• okD;&jpuk esa ifjorZu dh fofHkUu fn'kkvkas ls ifjfpr gksaxsA
izLrkouk
Hkk"kkfoKku esa okD; dh ifjHkk"kk] okD;ksa dh lajpuk] okD; osQ ewyk/kj] okD;ksa osQ izdkj] okD;ksa osQ fudVLFk
vo;o vkSj okD;ksa osQ jpukarj.k vkfn ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA
13-1 okD; dh vo/kj.kk
okD; Hkk"kk dk y?kqre mPpkj gSA Hkk"kk 'kCn Hkk"k~ /krq ls O;qRiUu gS] ftldk vFkZ gS cksyukA okD; dh O;qRifÙk
okd~ (ckp) /krq ls ekurs gSaA okd~ dk vFkZ Hkh cksyuk gSA bl izdkj Hkk"kk vkSj okD; nksuksa dk vFkZ cksyuk
gh fu/kZfjr fd;k x;k gSA okD; dk vFkZ gS ^og tks cksyk tk;A* Hkkjrh; vkpk;ks± us ^iw.kZ vFkZ dh izrhfr djkus
okys 'kCn lewg dks okD;* dgk gSA
èofu] in] vFkZ vkfn Hkk"kk osQ ,dka'k ekus x, gSa] fdarq mPpkj ;k Hkk"kk esa okD; dh gh iz/kurk gSA ;g lgh gS
fd èofu vkSj 'kCn ;k in lkFkZd gksrs gSa] fdUrq iw.kZ vFkZ ;k vfHkyf"kr vFkZ dh vfHkO;fDr okD; ls gh gksrh gSA
tSls] jke gS tkrk ?kj eksgu [kkrk jksVh gSA mi;qZDr mnkgj.k esa èofu] 'kCn ;k in lkFkZd gSa] fdUrq buls iw.kZ vFkZ
;k bfPNr vFkZ dh izkfIr ugha gksrhA jke ?kj tkrk gS vkSj eksgu jksVh [kkrk gSA blls bfPNr vFkZ O;aftr gksrk gSA
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 123