Page 131 - DHIN501_BHASHA_VIGYAN

Hkk"kkfoKku vkSj ¯gnh Hkk"kk

uksV le;≤ ij Hkkjrh; ,oa ik'pkR; fo}kuksa us okD; dh ifjHkk"kk dh gSA oqQN izeq[k fo}kuksa dh ifjHkk"kk,¡
m¼`r gSaµ
MkW- tkYeu nhef'kRl us ^fganh O;kdj.k* esa dgk gSµ ¶okD; okd~&fØ;k dh ,d lexz bdkbZ osQ ukrs okD;
osQ fy, yk{kf.kd gS] fo/s;rk] izdkjrk rFkk vuqrku esa iw.kZrkA¸
vjLrw osQ vuqlkj "A sentence is a composite significant sound, of which certain parts of
themelves singnify themselves, for every sentence is composed from nouns and verbs, but
there may be a sentence without verb." vFkkZr~ ¶okD; lkFkZd èofu;ksa dk lewg gS] ftlls fdlh Hkko
dh vfHkO;fDr gksrh gSA izR;sd okD; laKk vkSj fØ;k ls curk gS] fdarq fØ;k ds fcuk Hkh okD; jpuk gks
ldrh gSA¸
okD; dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, CyweiQhYM us dgk gSµ ^okD; ,d iw.kZ mfDr gSA*
cktsy osQ vuqlkj] ^okD; ,d ,slh NksVh&ls&NksVh bdkbZ gS] tks blh izdkj dh vU; bdkb;ksa osQ lkFk
izfrfuèkuh; lEcU/ j[krh gS*µ The Sentence, the smallest unit such that every unit of the kind
is commutable with every other.
fleksu ikWVj dgrs gSa fd ^okD; Hkk"kk dh eq[; bdkbZ vkSj y?kqre iw.kZ mPpkj gS*µ The sentence is the
chief unit of speech. It may be difined quite simply as a minimum complete utterance.
Xyhlu dgrs gSa fd ^:i vkSj okD; osQ chp Li"V foHkktd js[kk [khapuk dfBu gS*µ The distinction
between morphology and syntax is not always sharp.
iartfy us egkHkk"; esa okD; dh ifjHkk"kk bl izdkj dh gSµ ¶vk[;kr lkO;dkjd fo'ks"k.k okD;e~A¸ vFkkZr~
tgk¡ fØ;k vO;;] dkjd rFkk fo'ks"k.k in ,d=k gksa] mls okD; dgrs gSaA
vkpk;Z fo'oukFk us lkfgR;&niZ.k eas fy[kk gSµ ¶okD;a L;kn~ ;ksX;&rkdka{kklfDr;qDr% inksPp;%A¸ vFkkZr~ inksa
dk og lewg tks ;ksX;rk] vkdka{kk vkSj vklfDr ls ;qDr gks] mls okD; dgrs gSaA
MkW- HkksykukFk frokjh us Hkk"kkfoKku esa okD; dh ifjHkk"kk bl izdkj dh gSµ ¶okD; Hkk"kk dh lgt bdkbZ gS]
ftlesa ,d ;k vf/d 'kCn gksa] tks vFkZ dh n`f"V ls iw.kZ gks ;k viw.kZ O;kdjf.k n`f"V ls vius fo'k"V lanHkZ
esa vo'; iw.kZ gksrh gS] lkFk gh ijks{k:i ls de ls de ,d fØ;k dk Hkko vo'; gksrk gSA¸
fganh ds izfl¼ oS;kdj.k ia- dkerizlkn xq# us ^fganh O;kdj.k* esa okD; dh ifjHkk"kk esa bl izdkj nh gSµ
¶izR;sd iw.kZ fopkj dks okD; vkSj izR;sd Hkkouk dks 'kCn dgrs gSaA¸
vkpk;Z nsosanzukFk 'kekZ osQ vuqlkj] ¶Hkk"kk dh U;wure iw.kZ lkFkZd bdkbZ okD; gSA¸
MkW- nsosanzukFk 'kekZ us èofu] in vkSj okD; ds vkilh laca/ksa dks js[kkafdr djrs gq, dgk gSµ ¶okD; iw.kZr%
ekufld ;k euksoSKkfud rÙo gS mlesa inksa dk iz;ksx Hkko ;k fopkj ds vuqlkj gksrk gSA in] èofu vkSj okD;
ds chp dh la;kstu dM+h gS] D;ksafd mlesa mPpkj.k vkSj lkFkZdrk nksuksa dk ;ksx jgrk gS] fdarq u rks èofu dh
rjg og dsoy mPpkj.k gS vkSj u okD; dh rjg iw.kZr% lkFkZdA¸
MkW- dfiynso f}osnh us èofu] in vkSj okD; dks lr~] fpÙk vkSj vkuan :ikasa esa Lohdkj djrs gq, dgk
gSµèofu] Hkk"kk dk 'kkjhfjd rÙo] izko`Qfrd rÙo dh iz/kurk osQ dkj.k izo`Qfr osQ rqY; ^lr~* gSa in esa 'kkjhfjd
rÙo] izko`Qfrd rÙo dh iz/kurk osQ dkj.k izo`Qfr ds rqY; ^lr~* gSa in esa 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld nksuksa rÙo osQ
dkj.k vfHkO;fDr :i gS] vr% vkuan ;k ^lfPpnkuan* :i gSA
nksuksa gh eroknh vkpk;Z ;g ekurs gSa fd iw.kZ vFkZ dh izrhfr djkus okys 'kCn&lewg dh laKk okD; gSA okD;
vkSj in nksuksa dk vLrRo bruk fDy"V gS fd mudk Li"V vUrj izdV djuk cM+k dfBu gSa Xyhlu esa Hkh dgk
gS fd in vkSj okD; osQ chp Li"V foHkktd js[kk [khapuk dfBu gSA
vk/qfud Hkk"kkfoKku okD; dks gh egÙoiw.kZ lkFkZd bdkbZ ekudj Hkk"kk osQ fo'ys"k.k dh vkSj vxzlj gSa
vfUorkfHk/kuoknh fl¼kUr ls mldk lgt lEcU/ fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSa vk/qfud Hkk"kk&foKku vkSj vfUorkfHk/kuokn

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