Page 314 - DHIN501_BHASHA_VIGYAN

bdkbZ 30% nsoukxjh fyfi ds nks"k@lqèkkj ,oa nsoukxjh dk orZeku ekud :i

30-2 nsoukxjh fyfi osQ nks"k&lqèkkj gsrq lq>ko uksV

ukxjh osQ bu nks"kksa rFkk vU; dfBukb;ksa dks nwj djus osQ fy, vFkkZr~ ukxjh osQ ekudhdj.k osQ fy, le;≤
ij fo}ku fopkj djrs jgs gSa] buesa izeq[k gSaµ ckcw N=kèkkjh flag] vfEcdknÙk O;kl] egkohj izlkn f}osnh]
fd'kksjhnkl oktis;h] ckcwjke lDlsuk] HkksykukFk frokjh] jktsUæ f}osnh] jes'kpUæ esgjks=kk] fl;kjke frokjh] vuUr
pkSèkjh] xksikyjk; vkfnA fganh lkfgR; lEesyu] iz;kx dh fyfi lqèkkj lfefr us lu~ 1914 esa bl n`f"V ls oqQN
lq>ko fn, Fks] ftuesa izeq[k gSaµ
1- la;qDrk{kj esa f}rh; ^j* lkekU; :i ls fy[kk tk, tSlsµ Ij] Rj] V~j
2- b] bZ] m] Å] ,] ,s osQ LFkku ij fv] vh] vq] vw] vs] vS dks ekU;rk nh tk,A

3- =iz] HkQ] jkk osQ LFkku ij v] >] .k dks ekU;rk feysA ^rQ* vkSj ^'k* osQ LFkku ij y rFkk 'k dk iz;ksx gksA
4- e vkSj ?k osQ LFkku ij (e vkSj ?k ls i`Fkd~ djus osQ fy,) Hk vkSj èk dk iz;ksx gksA
5- ßLo ^,* vkSj ßLo ^vks* osQ fy, fuEu fpUg Lohdkj fd, tk,¡µ vs W] vks WA

1947 esa mÙkj izns'k ljdkj }kjk xfBr vkpk;Z ujsUænso lfefr }kjk izLrqr eq[; lq>ko fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
1- {k] =k] K dks o.kZekyk ls gVk fn;k tk,A
2- ^b* dh ek=kk o.kZ osQ vkxs vkèkk djosQ iz;ksx dh tk,] tSls&osQXlhA

3- ^j* dks loZ=k ^j* fy[kk tk,µIjse] R#fV (izse] =kqfV)A
4- ^G* dks o.kZekyk esa LFkku feysA
mi;qZDr lq>koksa ds lanHkZ esa MkW- HkksykukFk frokjh viuh jk; izdV djrs gq, dgrs gSaµosQUæh; fganh funs'kky;] fnYyh
us Hkh ekud fyfi vkSj orZuh lEcUèkh vius fu;e izLrqr fd, gSa] mudk o.kZu djus ls iwoZ Åij of.kZr ukxjh
osQ nks"kksa ij eSa viuh fouez jk; izdV djuk pkgrk gw¡A
(1) f'kjksjs[kk ltkoV dh pht ugha gSA blls dbZ o.kks± esa Hkze lekIr gks tkrk gSA Vad.k vkSj NikbZ esa blls dksbZ
vlqfoèkk ugha gksrh] vr% bls tkjh j[kuk pkfg,A

(2) v&=iz] N&N] >&HkQ] .k&jkk] {k&{k esa izpyu vkSj lqfoèkk osQ vkèkkj ij izFke :i dks ekU;rk feyuh pkfg,A
(3) [k&jo] èk&?k] Hk&e osQ Hkze dks nwj djus osQ fy, [k] èk vkSj Hk :iksa dks Lohdkj dj fy;k tk,A ;ks] èk&?k]
Hk&e esa Hkze f'kjksjs[kk u yxkus ij vFkok vlkoèkkuho'k gh gksrk gSA ,slh leL;k,¡ vU; fyfi;ksa esa Hkh feyrh
gSa tSls] vaxzsthµ r-v, g-q, k-R, l-t, u-v vkfnA fiQj Hkh] [k] èk] Hk dks viukus ij ;g Hkze Hkh lekIr gks tk,xkA
(4) {k] =k] K] J dk iwoZ esa mi;ksx jgk gS] ijUrq vc buosQ mPpkj.k ({k] D;] DNw] K&X;] T;a] T× vkfn) esa vUrj
vk tkus osQ dkj.k bUgsa NksM+k tk ldrk gSA oSls Hkh budk iz;ksx izk;% rRle 'kCnksa esa gh fd;k tkrk gSA

(5) ^Ùk* vkfn la;qDr O;atuksa dk iz;ksx igys gksrk jgk gS] oSKkfudrk dh n`f"V ls vc buosQ LFkku ij Rr (Ùk)]
Dr (ÙkQ)] n~; (|)] n~e (Á)] g~u (ß)] Lj (Ï)] n~o (})] n~èk (¼)] Þj (ß) dks gh ekU;rk feyuh pkfg,A
(6) ukxjh esa ^j* osQ pkj :i gSaA ;ksa jkseu esa Hkh R osQ rhu :i gSaµ R, r, r rc Hkh ukxjh dks vfèkd oSKkfud
cukus osQ fy, j] j] z] Z] osQ LFkku ij fliZQ ^j* dk iz;ksx fd;k tk,A Loj jfgr ^j* dks gy yxkdj&^j~* fy[kk
tk ldrk gSA
(7) vk] b] bZ] m] Å] ,] ,s] vks] vkS osQ fy, ,d ls vfèkd fpã dksbZ nks"k ugha gSA ;s rks mPpkj.k dks Bhd
izdkj ls vfHkO;Dr djus osQ fy, vko';d gSaA ek=kk bl ckr dk vglkl djkrh gS fd ml O;atu esa ls ^v*
Loj fudy x;k gSA ;fn ek=kk dk iz;ksx ugha djsaxs vkSj mlosQ LFkku ij Loj j[ksaxs rks 'kCn osQ mPpkj.k vkSj ys[ku
esa vUrj vk tk,xkµuoqQyµudmyA blh izdkj v{kj foHkktu dh n`f"V ls Hkh ;s vlaxr gks ik,xk u@oqQy&ud@myA

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