Page 317 - DHIN501_BHASHA_VIGYAN

Hkk"kkfoKku vkSj fganh Hkk"kk

uksV x`ghr Lou vkW (kW) [+k] T+k] iQ +
nsoukxjh vad 1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 0
Hkkjrh; vadksa dk
vUrjkZ"Vªh; :i 1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 0

vkerkSj ij fganh esa vuqukfld ( ¡ ) osQ LFkku ij vuqLokj (-) dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tSlsµtgka]
dgka] fn'kk,a] Hkk"kk,a bR;kfn] iz;ksx lgh ugha gSA blds LFkku ijµtgk¡] dgk¡] fn[kk,¡] Hkk"kk,¡ vkfn
lgh :i gSA

la{ksi esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ekud nsoukxjh dk :i fuf'pr gks tkus ij ;g fo'o dh lokZfèkd iw.kZ fyfi
gksxh] lokZfèkd oSKkfud fyfi rks ;g vHkh Hkh gS ghA dksbZ vU; fyfi Li"Vrk] ljyrk ,oa lqcksèkrk dh n`f"V ls
blosQ lEeq[k ugha Bgj ldrhA ;g Hkkjr dh jk"Vªfyfi gS vkSj fganh Hkkjr dh jk"VªHkk"kkA jk"VªHkk"kk gh fdlh Hkh
jk"Vª dh dykRed] lkaLÑfrd ,oa 'kS{kf.kd vfHkO;fDr dh vkèkkj gksrh gSA viuh {ks=kh; lhekvksa dks yk¡?kdj
leLr ns'k esa fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa O;oâr gksrh gSA ifjfuf"Br fganh rks nsoukxjh esa fy[kh gh tkrh gSA ;fn Hkkjr
dh leLr fyfi;ksa osQ LFkku ij nsoukxjh dks vfèkf"Br dj fn;k tk, rks Hkk"kk&Hksn feVkus esa ljdkj dks cgqr lgk;rk
feysxhA Hkkjr dk izkphu lexz lkfgR; blh fyfi esa feyrk gSA blfy, Hkk"kk&oSKkfudksa] oS;kdj.kksa vkSj
Hkk"kk&iz;ksDrkvksa }kjk ;fn bl izdkj osQ lqèkkj ,oa ifjorZu Lohdkj dj fy, tk,¡ ftlls bl fyfi esa lHkh Hkkjrh;
Hkk"kkvksa dks fy[kk tk losQ rks nsoukxjh gekjh jk"Vªh; ,drk dk izrhd cu ldrh gSA fganh Hkk"kk vkSj nsoukxjh
ftl xfr ,oa Hkkouk ls nwjh Hkk"kkvksa osQ 'kCn xzg.k dj jgh gSa vkSj èofu;ksa osQ fy, fyfi fpUg fufeZr dj jgh
gSa] ;g Hkk"kk ,oa fyfi osQ izk.koku gksus dk laosQr gSA ;gh budh xR;kRedrk gS] xfr gh thou gSA nsoukxjh thoUr
fyfi gSA
mUuhloha 'krkCnh osQ vfUre pj.k esa fo}kuksa dk è;ku fganh orZuh dh vusd:irk dh vksj vkdf"kZr gqvk FkkA bl
le; dk'kh if=kdk] oS".ko if=kdk] fcgkj caèkq] fganh caxoklh vkfn i=k&if=kdkvksa us ,rn~fo"k;d ys[k izdkf'kr
fd, FksA oqQN i=k&if=kdkvksa esa orZuh dks ysdj i;kZIr okn&fookn Hkh pykA lu~ 1886 bZ- esa {k=kèkkjh flag us bl
lEcUèk esa ^ys[k fu;e* iqfLrdk izdkf'kr dh FkhA lu~ 1890 bZ- esa ia- vfEcdknÙk O;kl dh ^foHkfDr foHkkx* uked
iqLrd izdkf'kr gqbZA 1898 bZ- esa dk'kh ukxjh izpkfj.kh lHkk us fganh orZuh ,oa O;kdj.k lacaèkh leL;kvksa ij ,d
milfefr dk xBu fd;k Fkk] ftlosQ izLrkoksa dks mlus Lohdkj ,oa izdkf'kr Hkh fd;kA
vkpk;Z egkohj izlkn f}osnh us ljLorh osQ ekè;e ls bl fn'kk esa lokZfèkd ;ksxnku fd;kA muosQ rFkk ml ;qx osQ
vU; lkfgR;dkjksa] oS;kdj.kksa] leh{kdksa&vfEcdkizlkn oktis;h] dkerkizlkn] xq#] eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr] jkepaæ
'kqDy] ';kelqUnj nkl vkfn osQ iz;klksa ls Nk;kokn ;qx vkrs&vkrs fganh orZuh dk :i i;kZIr fLFkj gks pqdk FkkA

Nk;kokn ;qx osQ ckn fganh lkfgR; osQ fodkl osQ lkFk&lkFk ys[ku esas orZuh lEcUèkh mPN`a[kyrk ,oa vusd:irk
Hkh c<+us yxhA iQyr% ljdkj rFkk vU; laLFkkvksa }kjk bl lacaèk esa fpark O;Dr dh xbZA lu~ 1953 esa MkW- jkèkkÑ".ku
dh vè;{krk esa ,d ifj"kn dh cSBd y[kuÅ esa gqbZ] ftlesa vusd izkarksa osQ eq[;ea=kh] f'k{kkea=kh rFkk vusd
Hkk"kkfon~ 'kkfey gq,A ifj"kn~ us fuEufyf[kr lq>ko fn,µ
1- jo] èk] Hkh] í osQ LFkku ij [k] èk] Hk] N dks viuk;k tk,A

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