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bdkbZµ8% vuqokn dk;Z esa lgk;d lk/uµ dks'k] ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh---



            Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fd, tk jg iz;kl% dEI;wVj }kjk vuqokn o dEI;wVjksa esa fganh esa dke djus ds fy, dEI;wVkjksa  uksV
            ds lkÝVos;j fodkl gsrq Hkkjr ljdkj jktHkk"kk foHkkx dk rduhdh fus'kky; Hkh iz;kljr gSA bl laca/ esa vfèkd
            tkudkjh ds fy, bl irs ij laidZ fd;k tk ldrk gS&funs'kd (rduhdh) rduhdh d{k jktHkk"kk foHkk xx`g
            ea=kky;] vkBoha] eafty] ch Cykd i;kZoj.k Hkou dsanzh; dk;kZy; ifjlj yksnh jksM] ubZ fnYyh&3] ;gk¡ ls nsoukxjh
            esa ;kaf=kd lqfo/kvksa ij fu%'kqYd if=kdk Hkh fudkyh tkrh gS ftls ^ifjn`';* ds uke ls fudkyk tkrk gSA ;g vPNh
            lwpukizn if=kdk gSA
            vU;% lhfer vuqokn dh O;oLFkk ds fy, vkt vusd dEI;wVj lkÝVos;j daifu;k¡ Hkh cgqr vPNk dk;Z dj jgh
            gSA bu daifu;ksa ds irs ihNs fn, tk pqosQ gSaA


            8-2 lkjka'k

            vuqokn gsrq izeq[k lk/uksa ,oa midj.kksa esa egÙoiw.kZ lk/u gSaµ 'kCndks'k] mi;qDr ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh ,oa
            dEI;wVj vkfnA ;gk¡ mudk foLrkj ls ifjp; izLrqr gSA 'kCndks'k osQ fcuk vuqoknd v/wjk jg tkrk gSa vuqokn
            gsrq izeq[k lk/u gksrs gq, Hkh dks'kksa osQ iz;ksx os dks'k lacaèkh tkudkjh osQ laca/ esa vuqoknd izk;% mnklhu jgrs
            gSaA vr% dks'k laca/h tkudkjh vuqoknd osQ fy, vfr egÙoiw.kZ ekuh tkrh gSA 'kCndks'k dk vFkZ izk;% vFkZ
            crkusokys dks'k osQ :i esa gh le>k tkrk gS] ijarq 'kCndks'kksa osQ vusd izdkj gksrs gSaA budh tkudkjh fuEuor~
            izLrqr dh tk jgh gS%

            1- fo'odks'k 2- fo'odks'k 3- f}Hkkf"kd dks'k 4- ikfjHkkf"kd dks'k 5- ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh 6- fof'k"V
            dks'kµ mDr dks'kksa osQ vfrfjDr oqQN ,sls dks'k Hkh gksrs gSa tks fd vyx&vyx mn~ns'; dh iwfrZ djrs gSaA bu
            dks'kkas dk mi;ksx Hkh lhfer gksrk gSA bu dks'kksa esa izeq[k dks'k fuEuor~ gSa%

            (d) /kfeZd dks'k ([k) i;kZ; dks'k (x) fFklkWjlµ (?k) yksdksfDr dks'k (M-) miHkk"kk ;k cksyh dks'kA
            mi;ksxh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh

             fo"k;        uke                 fuekZrk@izdk'ku    izkfIr@LFkku
             (1)          (2)                 (3)                (4)
             lkekU; iz'kklu lesfdr iz'kklu 'kCnkoyh oSKkfud rFkk rduhdh  foØh vuqHkkx oSKkfud rFkk rduhdh
                                              'kCnkoyh vk;ksx    'kCnkoyh vk;ksx] if'peh [kaM&7]
                                                                 jkeo`Q".kkiqje] fnYyhA
                          c`gr ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh µoghµ        µoghµ
                          ekufodh 2 Hkkx
                                                                  a
                                                                  s
                          dk;kZy; lgkf;dk     dsanzh; lfpoky; fganh  dnzh; lfpoky;] fganh] fganh ifj"kn]
                                                                 ifj"kn     ,Dl&okbZ&86]
             ljksftuh uxj]
                                                                 ubZ fnYyhA
                                       lkekU; fo"k;ksa dh 'kCnkofy;k¡
             vFkZ'kkL=k   (i) c`gr ikfjHkkf"kd  µoghµ            fcØh vuqHkkx oSKkfud rFkk rduhdh
                          'kCnlaxzg% ekufodh&2 [kaM              'kCnkoyh vk;ksx] if'peh [kaM&7]
                                                                 jked`".kiqje] ubZ fnYyhA
                          (ii) ekufodh 'kCnkoyh  µoghµ           µoghµ
                          (iii) vFkZ'kkL=k ifjHkk"kk  µoghµ      µoghµ
                          dks'k


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