Page 74 - DSOC401_SOCIOLOGICAL_THOUGHT_ENGLISH

Sociological Thought

notes self assessment
Fill in the blanks—
1. ………………...... is not a unique, but it is a natural incident.
2. When human invents something new then he can’t estimate the ‘………………………….’
happened from it.
3. By the revolution the relations of old arrangement or production are………………………. .

evaluation of theory

Though marx has accepted production-process as the base of social arrangement and the changes
happened in it, nevertheless he has cleared in his articles and correspondence that the mean of his
theory is not that all the factors except economical or physical factors are treated as fully truth or
useless. In angel’s words, “political, legal, philosophical, religious, literal, artistic developments
etc., are based on economic development. But all of these affect each other and economic base also. It
is not that economic effects are the only reason and those are active, while others and all effects are
inactive. In real the interaction among different factors takes place based on economical need, which
at last proofs its importance.” In more clear form Angels wrote further, “According to materialistic
perception of history production and reproduction are the resultant substance (not only one) finally in
real life. Neither I nor Marx has given the importance more than it. If someone presents our statements
in such a distorted form that, “According to Marx economical effect is the only deciding factor, then
by doing so he will make the physical description as meaningless and humorous.”

12.2 summary

y Marx has thought deeply about social changes in his works. According to his strong opinion,
social production forces develop the production relations.
y New forces develop from the old ones, yet it is obvious to have conflict between the new and
old.
y New forces develop from revolution and this revolution brings changes in the society.

12.3 Keywords

1. social change: Any change in the social processes, social roles, or social organization of any
society is termed as social change.
2. explanation of the theory: There is a place of thoughts, principles, opinions, and organizations
in social change or development.

12.4 review Questions

1. Briefly describe the Marx’s principle related to social change.
2. According to Karl Marx, what is the principle of society’s cultural super design?
3. According to Karl Marx, what are the physical values behind the existence of life?

answers: self assessment

1. Social change 2. social results 3. thrown way

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