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Unit-14: Contribution in Sociological Method-Sociology as a Science-the Concept of Social Facts

By this Durkheim followed the method of structural-functional. In this method, being write the use notes
of sociology Durkheim beckoned that. “It is necessary to assign the function for completely described
the social incident. It is not such sufficient for describing the social fact that to represented only those
reasons on which this is abide. So in many condition we must assigned those function which related
to make social arrangement.”
The whole sociological arrangement of Durkheim abides on the bases on methodology. So in the sociology
of Durkheim we get glance his methodology principles. The main element is different type:
1. positive or Vaishiktabaad: Because of being affected by Comte there are clearly show the
positivism in the work of Durkheim. This is clearly shown in his methodology. According
to him, social science is a free science and it is not dependent on philosophy. However,
philosophy has to take shelter of the sociology for important element. Durkheim writes that
sociology is a science. So there must be no any place for belief, values etc. in the scientific
study. Durkheim also did not wanted to give any place to Mental Processes in sociology. His
rigid favours were this there should be take only those facts for scientific analysis which can
be supervision then observation. So this is the positive incident of externals of affecting the
fact stimuli. So at this sight Durkheim believe the positivist and objectivist.

Did You Know? Charles has even said that Durkheim started the revolution of objectivist
and positivist in sociology.

the boycott of psychological, classical philosophy and philosophical sociology:
Durkheim was the main minister of sociological sector. At this sight the all specialty of
sociological sector is show in the sociology of Durkheim. In the sociology of Durkheim saw
the effect of Comte. Comte divide the science— (a) Astronomy (b) Physics (c) Chemistry
(d) Anthropology (e) social, physics or sociology described. By this description, sociology
will be taken after Anthropology. Physiology is not considered in sciences. However, J.S.Mil
and Habert Spencer like some scholar are against it. They tell that psychology must keep after
Zoology and before sociology. This is the base of psychological sector. This sector made to
sociology dependent on psychology. According to him, stress should be given on the analysis
of social incident by psychological incident.
The followers of psychological sector also tell us that the social incident develops by the
action of human. They were not accepted that the actions of person are the result of social
reality and society. However, by his sociological sector Durkheim believe suitable the division
of Comte. According to that sociology must come after zoology. It is not rational to make
philosophy and psychology knowledge as the base of sociology. On this basis he says that
the analysis of psychological incident can be possible only by social incident. It is also the
base of sociology of Durkheim. He was the irreconcilable of psychological sociology.
According to Durkheim, society or social reality is totally different from peoples who make
society. In this condition how can be less the social fact on psychological rule. Durkheim
believe accessory the power of human. He forces on the power of society. According to him
the activity of human operated by groups and social mind. By this he forces on one side
effect of society. Durkheim believes the reason of all activity of human to society and social
condition.
2. the study of social facts: Durkheim was the founder of sociology. He tries to fix the subject
matter of sociology. At this sight he forced to make the freedom and specialty of this subject.
By this aim he initiates the perception of social facts. He selects the subject matter of sociology
in his compositions “the rule of sociological method” and iconography. In this relation doing

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