Page 170 - DSOC401_SOCIOLOGICAL_THOUGHT_hindi

lekt'kkL=kh; fopkj/kjk

uksV lÙkk mUghsa osQ gkFkksa esa jgrh gS ftuosQ ikl lEifÙk rFkk mRiknu osQ lk/u osaQfnzr gksaA blh lÙkk osQ vk/kj ij
etnwj dh Lok/hurk [kjhnh tkrh gS vkSj ekfyd dks etnwj osQ mQij ,d fo'ks"k izdkj osQ vf/dkj izkIr gksrs
gSaA ;|fi bl izdkj dh lÙkk vc fnu&izfrfnu ?kVrh tk jgh gS vkSj cgqr&oqQN ?kV Hkh xbZ gS] fiQj Hkh vkfFkZd
{ks=k esa futh lEifÙk rFkk mRiknu osQ lk/u fdlh oxZ osQ fy, lÙkk osQ fu/kZj.k esa ,d egÙoiw.kZ dkjd vkt
Hkh gSaA

D;k vki tkurs gSa vkfFkZd thou esa ,d fLFkj ;k laLFkkxr vFkZO;oLFkk lekt osQ oqQN fof'k"V oxZ dks
vf/dkj ;k lÙkk iznku djrh gSA ;g oxZ viuh lÙkk osQ cy ij nwljs oxks± ij izHkqRo j[krk
gS ;k muls mQ¡ph fLFkfr ij fojkteku gksrk gSA

lÙkk osQ Lo:i ;k izdkj (Types of Authority)
lÙkk osQ laLFkkxr gksus osQ {ks=k esa oscj dk fo'ys"k.k cgqr&oqQN blh fn'kk esa gSA fiQj Hkh eSDl oscj us lÙkk
osQ rhu cqfu;knh izk:iksa esa Hksn fd;kA ;s rhu izdkj dh lÙkk,¡ fuEu gSaµ
1- oS/kfud lÙkk (Legal Authority)&jkT; }kjk izfrikfnr oqQN lkekU; fu;eksa osQ vuqlkj mRiUu vusd in
,sls gksrs gSa ftuosQ lkFk ,d fof'k"V izdkj dh lÙkk tqM+h jgrh gSA bl dkj.k tks Hkh O;fDr mu inksa ij vklhu
gksrs gSa] muosQ gkFkksa esa mu inksa ls lEcfU/r lÙkk Hkh pyh tkrh gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] feLVj frokjh tt osQ in ij
vklhu gksus osQ ukrs ml in ls lEcfU/r lÙkk (tksfd mUgsa oS/kfud :i esa izkIr gqbZ gS) dks iz;ksx esa ykus osQ
vf/dkjh gSaA Li"V gS fd bl izdkj dh lÙkk dk L=kksr O;fDr dh futh izfr"Bk esa fufgr ugha gksrk] cfYd ftu
fu;eksa osQ vUrxZr og ,d fof'k"V in ij vklhu gS] mu fu;eksa dh lÙkk esa fufgr gSA blfy, bldk {ks=k ogha
rd lhfer gS tgk¡ rd fd oS/kfud fu;e ,d O;fDr dks fof'k"V vf/dkj iznku djrs gSaA ,d O;fDr dks
oS/kfud fu;e osQ vUrxZr ftruk vf/dkj izkIr gqvk gS] mlosQ ckgj ;k mlls vf/d lÙkk dk iz;ksx og O;fDr
ugha dj ldrkA bl izdkj O;fDr dh oS/kfud lÙkk osQ {ks=k vkSj mlosQ ckgj osQ {ks=k esa (vFkkZr~ ml {ks=k esa
ftlesa fd og ,d O;fDrxr ;k futh gSfl;r ls jgrk gS) cqfu;knh Hksn gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] feLVj frokjh ,d tt
dh gSfl;r ls ftu vf/dkjksa osQ vfèkdkjh gSa os vf/dkj ,d O;fDr osQ :i esa (tSls] vius ifjokj osQ ,d
lnL; osQ :i esa) feLVj frokjh osQ vf/dkjksa ;k lÙkk ls fcYoqQy fHkUu gSaA ?kj ij feLVj frokjh tt ugha]
cfYd iq=k] firk ;k ifr gSaA firk ;k ifr dh lÙkk tt dh lÙkk ls fcYoqQy fHkUu gSA

uksV~l ,d tfVy lekt esa oS/kfud lÙkk izR;sd O;fDr osQ gkFkksa esa leku ugha gksrh gS] cfYd blesa Hkh
,d mQ¡p&uhp dk laLrj.k gksrk gS_ vFkkZr~ oS/kfud vk/kj ij lekt esa mPp vkSj fuEu lÙkk,¡ gksrh
gSaA

2- ijEijkRed lÙkk (Traditional Authority)&og lÙkk ,d O;fDr dks oSKkfud fu;eksa osQ vUrxZr ,d
in ij vklhu gksus osQ dkj.k ugha cfYd ijEijk }kjk LohÑr in ij vklhu gksus osQ dkj.k izkIr gksrh gSA pw¡fd
bl in dks ijEijkxr O;oLFkk osQ vuqlkj ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gS] bl dkj.k ,sls in ij vklhu gksus osQ ukrs
O;fDr dks oqQN fof'k"V lÙkk fey tkrh gSA bl izdkj dh lÙkk ijEijkRed fo'oklksa ij fVdh gksus osQ dkj.k
ijEijkRed lÙkk dgykrh gSA mnkgkj.k osQ fy,] Ñf"k ;qx esa Hkkjrh; xk¡oksa esa ikbZ tkus okyh iapk;r esa ^iapksa*
dh lÙkk dks gh yhft,&bu iapksa dh lÙkk oS/kfud fu;eksa osQ vUrxZr ugha vkrh Fkh_ cfYd ijEijkxr :i esa
mUgsa lÙkk izkIr gks tkrh FkhA ;gk¡ rd fd iap dh lÙkk dh rqyuk bZ'ojh; lÙkk ls dh tkrh Fkh] tSlkfd

164 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY