Page 31 - DSOC401_SOCIOLOGICAL_THOUGHT_hindi

bdkbZ—5: foKkuksa dk laLrj.k

bl laca/ esa ;g Lej.kh; gS fd xzhd fopkjdksa us Hkh leLr foKkuksa dk oxhZdj.k rhu Jsf.k;ksa esa fd;k Fkk uksV
vkSj os FksµHkkSfrd'kkL=k] uhfr'kkL=k rFkk jktuhfr'kkL=kA iz[;kr nk'kZfud csdu us Hkh ekufld 'kfDr;ksa osQ
rhu i{kksaµLej.k'kfDr] dYiuk'kfDr rFkk roZQ'kfDr ls lacaf/r rhu vè;;u&'kkL=kksa dk mYys[k fd;k gS vkSj
os gSaµbfrgkl] dfoRo rFkk foKkuA
foKkuksa osQ oxhZdj.k dk fopkj dkWEV dks lsaV lkbeu ls feyk FkkA ;|fi vki lsaV lkbeu osQ bl foKku ls
rks lger Fks fd foKkuksa dk oxhZdj.k oSKkfud <ax ls fd;k tkuk pkfg,] fiQj Hkh lsaV lkbeu osQ oxhZdj.k
ls vki lger u FksA mudk nkok Fkk fd vki lsaV lkbeu ls dgha vf/d oSKkfud vk/kjksa ij foKkuksa dk
oxhZdj.k ;k laLrj.k izLrqr dj ldrs gSaA bu vk/kjksa dk mYys[k mUgksaus viuh Ñfr ‘Positive Philosophy’
esa fd;k gSA dkWEV dk bl iqLrd dks fy[kus dk ,d mís'; vius uohu foKku ^lekt'kkL=k* osQ fy, ,d lqn`<+
o oSKkfud uhao dks <w¡<+uk Fkk ftlls fd lekt'kkL=k dk vè;;u&{ks=k vkSj bldk vU; izkÑfrd foKkuksa ls
laca/ Li"V gks tk,A
laLrj.k osQ nks vk/kj ;k fl¼kar (Two Basis or Principles of Hierarchy)

mi;qZDr mís'; dh iwfrZ osQ fy, dkWEV us foKkuksa dk ,d uohu oxhZdj.k ;k laLrj.k mrkj&p<+ko osQ vk/kj
ij izLrqr fd;k vkSj blosQ fy, mUgksaus nks vk/kjksa ;k fl¼karksa dks fuf'pr fd;kA os gSaµ
1- ijkJ;rk o`f¼&Øe dk fl¼kar ,oa
2- ?kVrh gqbZ lkekU;rk vkSj c<+rh gqbZ tfVyrk dk fl¼karA
vc ge bUgha nks fl¼karksa ;k vk/kjksa osQ fo"k; esa foospuk djsaxsµ

1- ijkJ;rk o`f¼&Øe dk fl¼kar (The Principle of the order of increasing dependence)µ
foKkuksa osQ oxhZdj.k ;k laLrj.k dks izLrqr djus osQ fy, dkWEV us ijkJ;rk o`f¼ Øe osQ fl¼kar dks pqukA nwljs
'kCnksa esa] dkWEV osQ fopkjkuqlkj Kku ;k foKku dh izR;sd 'kk[kk vius ls igyh 'kk[kk ;k foKku osQ }kjk
izfrikfnr fl¼karksa ij vkfJr gksrh gSA bu fuHkZjrk dk ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd Kku ;k foKku dh ,d 'kk[kk
ls nwljh 'kk[kk dks tSls&tSls ge vkxs c<+krs tkrs gSa oSls&oSls ml 'kk[kk dh fuHkZjrk esa o`f¼ gksrh tkrh gSA bl
fl¼kar osQ vuqlkj tks loZizFke foKku gS og fdlh ij fuHkZj ugha_ blossQ ckn tks nwljk foKku fodflr gksxk
og izFke foKku ij vkfJr ;k fuHkZj gksxk_ tks rhljk foKku gksxk og igys vkSj nwljs foKku ij vkfJr gksxk_
tks pkSFkk foKku gksxk og igys] nwljs vkSj rhljs foKku ij fuHkZj gksxk vkSj blh Øe ls foKku dh izR;sd 'kk[kk
dh fuHkZjrk esa o`f¼ gksrh tk,xhA blfy, dkWEV osQ foKkuksa osQ oxhZdj.k osQ fl¼kar dks ^fuHkZjrk o`f¼&Øe dk
fl¼kar* dgk x;k gSA vkxs dh foospuk ls ;g fl¼kar vkSj Hkh Li"V gks tk,xkA
2- ?kVrh gqbZ lkekU;rk vkSj c<+rh gqbZ tfVyrk dk fl¼kar (The Principle of decreasing gener-
ality and increasing complexity)µ dkWEV osQ vuqlkj foKkuksa dk fodkl ,d fo'ks"k Øe ls gksrk gS
vkSj og Øe gS ^?kVrh gqbZ lkekU;rk vkSj c<+rh tqbZ tfVyrk*A nwljs 'kCnksa esa] tSls&tSls uohu foKku dk
tUe gksrk gS oSls&oSls ml foKku dh vè;;u&oLrq Øe'k% de lkekU; vkSj vf/d tfVy gksrh tkrh gSA dkWEV
osQ foKkuksa osQ oxhZdj.k osQ fl¼kar osQ vuqlkj] ,d foKku dh vè;;u&oLrq ftl izdkj dh gksrh gS] mlh osQ
vuqlkj] ml foKku dh vU; foKkuksa ij fuHkZjrk rFkk foKkuksa osQ laLrj.k esa mldk LFkku fuf'pr gksrk gSA
vè;;u&oLrq ftruh gh fof'k"V rFkk tfVy gksxh ml foKku dh vius ls igys okys foKku ;k foKkuksa ij
fuHkZjrk ;k ijkJ;rk mruh c<+rh tk,xhA ;g blfy, gksrk gS D;ksafd ljy vkSj lkekU; ?kVuk,¡ igys vkrh gSa
vkSj mudk vè;;u djuk Hkh ljy gSA bl izdkj ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd igyk foKku og gS tks lcls ljy
fo"k; ;k ?kVukvksa dk vè;;u djrk gS vkSj tks ?kVuk lcls vf/d ljy gS og lcls vf/d lkekU; Hkh gksrh
gSµ lkekU; bl vFkZ esa gS fd og lc LFkkuksa ij fo|eku gSA bl izdkj lcls izFke foKku lcls vf/d lkekU;
vkSj lcls de tfVy ?kVukvksa ;k fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/r gksrk gSA bl izFke foKku osQ ckn ftu vU; foKkuksa dk

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