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lekt'kkL=kh; fopkj/kjk
uksV fodkl gqvk mudk vè;;u&fo"k; Øe'k% de lkekU; vkSj vf/d tfVy gksrk x;kA bl izdkj nwljk foKku
izFke foKku ls vf/d tfVy fo"k;&oLrq ls lacaf/r gksrk gS vkSj rhljk foKku nwljs foKku ls de lkekU; vkSj
vf/d tfVy fo"k; ls lacaf/r gksrk gSA ;gh Øe pyrk jgrk gSA foKkuksa osQ fodkl osQ bl Øe esa pw¡fd izR;sd
foKku dk vè;;u&fo"k; Øe'k% tfVy gksrk tkrk gS] bl dkj.k izR;sd foKku vius ls igys foKku ;k foKkuksa
dh [kkstksa] fu"d"kks± vkSj fl¼karksa ij Øe'k% vf/d fuHkZj gksrk tkrk gS vFkkZr~ mldh ijkJ;rk esa Øe'k% o`f¼
gksrh tkrh gSA bl izdkj izR;sd foKku vius ls igys osQ foKku ;k foKkuksa ij vk/kfjr jgrs gq, vxys foKku
osQ fy, vk/kj izLrqr djrk gSA lkFk gh dkWEV osQ erkuqlkj izR;sd foKku vius fiNys foKku ;k foKkuksa ij
osQoy fuHkZj gh ugha jgk gS] cfYd og fiNys foKku ;k foKkuksa dks viuh [kkstksa ls lhaprk Hkh jgrk gSA
foKkuksa dk laLrj.k ;k oxhZdj.k (Hierarchy or Classification of Sciences)
vius mi;qZDr fl¼kar osQ vk/kj ij dkWEV us foKkuksa dk tks laLrj.k izLrqr fd;k gS] og bl izdkj gaSµ
1- xf.kr'kkL=k (Mathematics)_
2- [kxksy'kkL=k (Astronomy)_
3- HkkSfrd'kkL=k (Physics)_
4- jlk;u'kkL=k (Chemistry)_
5- izkf.k'kkL=k (Biology)_
6- lekt'kkL=k (Sociology)A
foKku osQ laLrj.k esa loZizFke LFkku xf.kr'kkL=k dk gSA bldk dkj.k dkWEV osQ erkuqlkj ;g gS fd xf.kr'kkL=k
lcls vf/d iqjkuk] vk/kjHkwr rFkk nks"kjfgr foKku gSA xf.kr gh og lcls vf/d 'kfDr'kkyh vkStkj gS ftldks
mi;ksx esa yk, fcuk izkÑfrd fu;eksa dk vUos"k.k vlEHko gSA bl vFkZ esa ;g ekuo&fpUru dk lcls ekSfyd
midj.k gSA vuqla/ku osQ {ks=k esa] pkgs og lkekftd gks ;k izkÑfrd] xf.kr'kkL=k ls vf/d fuHkZj ;ksX; vkSj
dksbZ Hkh foKku ugha gS D;ksafd rF;ksa dk ;FkkFkZ uke ;k fofHkUu rF;ksa osQ ikjLifjd laca/ksa dk lqfuf'pr Kku
xf.kr'kkL=k dh lgk;rk ls gh laHko gSA vU; dksbZ Hkh foKku vius vUos"k.k ;k 'kks/&dk;Z esa rc rd dnkfi
liQy ugha gks ldrk tc rd fd og xf.kr'kkL=k dh lgk;rk u ys D;ksafd ;gh leLr foKkuksa dk vk/kj ;k
cqfu;kn gSA blh cqfu;kn osQ mQij vU; lHkh foKku [kM+s gSa vkSj vius dks foKku dgykus osQ ;ksX; gSaA blhfy,
dkWEV foKku osQ laLrj.k esa xf.kr'kkL=k dks izFke vkSj vk/kjHkwr LFkku iznku djrs gSaA
foKkuksa osQ laLrj.k esa vU; foKkuksa osQ LFkku dks fuf'pr djus osQ fy, dkWEV us lHkh izkÑfrd ?kVukvksa dks
nks cM+s Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k gSµvthot (Inorganic) vkSj thot (Organic)A
vthot ?kVukvksa dks ge nks mi&Hkkxksa esa ck¡V ldrs gSaµ[kxksy&laca/h (Astronomical) vkSj LFkyh;
(terrestrial)A [kxksy laca/h ?kVuk,¡ vR;f/d lkekU; gksrh gSaA xzg] u{k=kksa vkfn esa cgqr gh de ifjorZu gksrk
gSA [kxksy'kkL=k dk laca/ bUgha [kxksy&laca/h ?kVukvksa ls gksrk gSA xzg] mixzg] u{k=k] iqPNy rkjs] mYdk,¡ vkfn
[kxksy'kkL=k osQ vè;;u&{ks=k esa vkrs gSaA lw;Z ,d u{k=k gS vkSj cq/] 'kqØ] i`Foh] eaxy] o`gLifr] 'kfu] v#.k]
o#.k o oqQcsj xzg gSa rFkk pUnzek gekjh i`Foh dk ,d mixzg gSA ;s fofHkUu u{k=k] xzg vkSj mixzg ,d&nwljs
ls fdruh nwjh ij fLFkr gSa] ;s fdl izdkj ikjLifjd vkd"kZ.k 'kfDr }kjk ,d&nwljs ls lEc¼ gSa] budk vk/kj
D;k gS] ^u{k=k&ifjokj* D;k gS (tSls lw;Z osQ ifjokj ;k ^lkSj ifjokj* esa i`Foh] pUnzek] eaxy] cq/ bR;kfn vusd
xzg ,oa muosQ mixzg 'kkfey gSa)] budh fdruh xfr gS vkfn fo"k;ksa dk vè;;u [kxksy'kkL=k djrk gSA ;gk¡ ;g
iz'u mB ldrk gS fd bl izdkj osQ vè;;u dk D;k egÙo gS] ;k /jrh osQ ekuo osQ fy, [kxksy ;k
vkdk'k&laca/h ?kVukvksa dks tkuus dh D;k lkFkZdrk gks ldrh gS\ bldk mÙkj vfr ljy gSA ge viuh /jrh
laca/h ?kVukvksa osQ ckjs esa ml le; rd oqQN ugha tku ldrs tc rd fd ge i`Foh dh izÑfr rFkk mlosQ
nwljs xzg&u{k=kksa osQ lkFk laca/ dks u le> ysaA ;g Kku gesa [kxksy'kkL=k ls izkIr gksrk gSA
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