Page 240 - DSOC402_SOCIOLOGY_OF_KINSHIP_ENGLISH

Sociology of Kinship

Notes
1961–70 41.1
1971–80 33.6
1981–90 29.9
2006–07 23.1
2009 22.5
The table shows in 2009, the birth rate was 22.5 person per thousand birth which was highest
among nations, except China. Birth rate shows difference between urban and rural area, Birth
rate is higher in rural areas as compared to urban. This trend was same in all states. The highest
birth rate was in Assam and the lowest in Tamilnadu.
The birth rate of any country get influenced by the prevailing socio-conditions, as : death rate,
abortion, unproductivity, personal freedom, development of production function, healthcare
conditions and ambitions of people are examples.
There are many reasons of higher birth-rate such as: tropical climate, child marriage, lack of
entertainment facilities, joint family system, necessity of marriage, increase in medical facilities,
fortune etc. In India, education, occupation, religion, rural and urban residence, caste are impor-
tant factors which influence the birth rate.
(ii) Death rate: Estimated date shows difference in death rate same as it shown in birth rate.
Death rate per thousand, in different decades are as follows:

Decades Death rate per thousand
1921–30 36.3
1931–40 31.2
1941–50 27.4
1951–60 28.8
1961–70 18.9
1971–80 11.9
1981–90 9.6
2006–07 7.4
2009 7.3
Same as birth rate, death rate is also bigger in India in comparison to other nations because in In-
dia standard of health facilities and living are low alongwith lack of nutritive food and medical
facilities, poverty and epemic are at its peak. Three decades before 1921, famin/ drought, Plegue
and influenza were the reasons of higher death rate. After 1921, death rate decrease in every
decade. In 1991 it was 9.6 person/thousand per year. According to 2009, census, death rate is
7.3 per thousand person. The highest death rate data is in 0–4 years age group. If we consider
the age group, an increased death rate is fine in old age except childhood and youth. Poverty,
natural calamities (earthquake, flood, drought) , epidemics, industrial waste and lack of medical
facilities are the many reason responsible for increased death rate in India.

Density of Population

Density of population means that ‘how many people lives’ in 1 Kilometer area. To get the
density of population, formula is the total population of the country divided by total area of
the country. In 1901 the density population India was 77 person / per kilometere, in 1961 its
173 km, in 1981 its 230 / km and 2011 its 382 / kilometer. The highest density at present is in
Delhi for 11,207 per km and in Chandigarh it is 9252 per km. In states, data shows 1029 / km

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