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ukrsnkjh dk lekt'kkL=k




                     uksV        2- lwpuk lzksrksa dk fu/kZj.k (Determination of sources of information)% leL;k osQ pquko osQ ckn
                                 leL;k ls lEcfU/r rF;ksa osQ lzksrksa dks Kkr fd;k tkrk gS vFkkZr~ ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd ,sfrgkfld rF; fdu
                                 xzaFkksa] iqLrdky;ksa] laxzgky;ksa ,oa vU; LFkkuksa ls izkIr gks ldrs gSaA bu lHkh dh tkudkjh vè;;u ls iwoZ gh
                                 dj yh tkuh pkfg,A
                                 3- rF; ladyu (Data collection)% lwpuk lzksrksa dk fu/kZj.k dj ysus osQ ckn mu lzksrksa osQ fo"k; ls
                                 lEcfU/r rF;ksa dk ladyu fd;k tkrk gSA ,sfrgkfld rF; izkFkfed vkSj }Srh;d nksuksa lzksrksa ls Kkr fd;s tk
                                 ldrs gSaA ,sfrgkfld rF; gtkjksa] yk[kksa Nis gq, xzaFkksa] nLrkostksa] f'kykys[kksa ,oa oa'kkofy;ksa vkfn esa fc[kjs iM+s
                                 gq, gSa] buesa ls fo'oluh; ,oa izkekf.kd lzksrksa ,oa rF;ksa dk ladyu 'kks/drkZ dh ;ksX;rk] vuqHko] nwjnf'kZrk
                                 ,oa izf'k{k.k ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ljdkjh izys[k xSj&ljdkjh izys[kksa dh rqyuk esa vf/d fo'oluh; gksrs gSaA rF;ksa
                                 osQ ladyu osQ le; gesa /u vkSj le; dh lhek dks Hkh è;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,A rF; os gh ladfyr fd;s tk,¡
                                 tks gekjs fo"k; esa lEcfU/r gksa] muesa ikjLifjd lEc¼rk gks ,oa fo'oluh; ,oa izkekf.kd gksaA
                                 4- ,sfrgkfld vkykspuk (Historical criticism)% rF;ksa dk ladyu dj ysus osQ ckn mldh ,sfrgkfld
                                 vkykspuk dh tkrh gS vFkkZr~ ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd ftu lzksrksa ls rF; ladfyr fd;s x;s gSa] os izkekf.kd ,oa
                                 fo'oluh; gSa ;k ugha] dgha os tkyh rks ugha gSA lkFk gh ;g Hkh ns[kk tkrk gS fd mu lzksrksa osQ ys[k fdlh i{kikr
                                 ls xzflr rks ugha gSaA bl izdkj ladfyr dh xbZ lkexzh ,oa mlosQ lzksrksa dh oS/rk ,oa fo'oluh;rk dh ij[k
                                 djuk gh ,sfrgkfld vkykspuk dgykrh gSA
                                 5- rF;ksa dk oxhZdj.k o laxBu (Classification and Organisation of data)% ,sfrgkfld i¼fr }kjk
                                 vè;;u dk vxyk pj.k gSµladfyr rF;ksa dks vyx&vyx Hkkxksa esa ckaVuk ftlls fd mudh ijLij rqyuk dh
                                 tk losQA xq.kkRed ,oa la[;kRed rF;ksa dks i`Fko~Q ,oa mUgsa O;ofLFkr fd;k tkrk gSA

                                 6- fo'ys"k.k ,oa O;k[;k (Analysis and Interpretation)% rF;ksa osQ oxhZdj.k osQ ckn mudk oSKkfud
                                 ,oa oLrqfu"B fo'ys"k.k ,oa O;k[;k dh tkrh gS ftlesa ?kVuk dks dk;Z&dkj.k osQ vk/kj ij le>k;k tkrk vkSj
                                 fu"d"kZ fudkys tkrs gSaA ,slk djrs le; mls ,d oSKkfud dh Hkk¡fr fu"Bk vkSj fu"i{krk cjruh pkfg, ,oa vius
                                 O;fDrxr i{kikr dks vè;;u ls nwj j[kuk pkfg,A

                                 7- izfrosnu dk fuekZ.k (Preparing Report)% ,sfrgkfld i¼fr }kjk vè;;u dk vfUre pj.k izfrosnu
                                 ys[ku gSA izfrosnu fy[krs le; ljy] Li"V cks/xE;] oLrqfu"B ,oa jkspd Hkk"kk&'kSyh dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk
                                 pkfg,A




                                     VkLd  ,sfrgkfld i¼fr osQ lzksr dk mYys[k djsaA


                                 ,sfrgkfld i¼fr dk egÙo (Importance of Historical Method)
                                 vrhr esa ?kfVr gqbZ ?kVukvksa dk vè;;u djus osQ fy, ,sfrgkfld i¼fr dh mi;ksfxrk ,oa egÙo fufoZokn gSA
                                 ,e- ,p- xksiky (M. H. Gopal) us fy[kk gS] ¶vxj dksbZ Hkh lkekftd vuqla/kudrkZ tks orZeku dk
                                 fo'ys"k.k djrs le; vrhr dh mis{kk djrk gS] cgqr cM+h tksf[ke mBkrk gSA¸ bfrgkl gesa vrhr osQ lekt dk
                                 Kku djkrk gS ftldh dksbZ Hkh lekt oSKkfud vogsyuk ugha dj ldrkA vusd lekt'kkfL=k;ksa us vius vè;;u
                                 esa ,sfrgkfld i¼fr dk mi;ksx fd;k gSA nksuksa foKkukas dh ?kfu"Brk osQ dkj.k gh lekt'kkL=k esa ,d ubZ 'kk[kk
                                 ,sfrgkfld lekt'kkL=k  (Historical Sociology) dk mn; gqvk gSA gkWoMZ Hkh ^bfrgkl dks vrhr dk





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