Page 36 - DSOC402_SOCIOLOGY_OF_KINSHIP_HINDI

bdkbZ—4: ukrsnkjh osQ vè;;u dk n`f"Vdks.k% ,sfrgkfld ,oa mn~fodklh;

lEiw.kZ foLrkj vkSj lekt dh leLr iz/ku laLFkkvksa ls lEc¼ gS vFkok ;g ,d fo'ks"k lkekftd laLFkk osQ uksV
lEiw.kZ fodkl ls lEcfU/r gSA¸ ckWVkseksj dh ifjHkk"kk ls ,sfrgkfld i¼fr osQ ckjs esa pkj ckrsa Li"V gksrh
gSaµ(1) blesa lkekftd laLFkkvksa] lektksa vkSj lH;rkvksa dh mRifÙk] fodkl ,oa :ikUrj.k dk vè;;u
fd;k tkrk gS_ (2) ;g ekuo bfrgkl osQ lEiw.kZ fodkl dk vè;;u djrk gS_ (3) blesa lekt dh lHkh izeq[k
laLFkkvksa dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gS_ rFkk (4) blesa fdlh ,d fo'ks"k lkekftd laLFkk osQ fodkl dk
vè;;u Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA
mi;qZDr ifjHkk"kkvksa ls Li"V gS fd ,sfrgkfld i¼fr ?kVukvksa dk o.kZu vkSj fooj.k nsus okyh i¼fr ek=k ugha
gS tSlk fd oqQN fo}ku ekurs gSa oju~ ;g ?kVukvksa dh ,sfrgkfld lanHkZ esa oSKkfud O;k[;k djrh gSA bl fof/
esa Hkwrdkyhu ?kVukvksa ,oa rF;ksa osQ Øfed fodkl] fu;ferrkvksa ,oa lkekftd izHkkoksa osQ vk/kj ij orZeku
esa ?kfVr gksus okyh lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd ?kVukvksa dh O;k[;k ,oa fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA la{ksi esa] ;g vrhr
dh lgk;rk ls orZeku dks le>us dh fof/ gSA

,sfrgkfld i¼fr osQ lzksr (Sources of Historical Method)

,sfrgkfld i¼fr dk eq[; vk/kj ,sfrgkfld rF; gh gSa ftudk ladyu fofHkUu lzksrksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA ;s
lzksr dkSu&dkSu ls gks ldrs gSa] bl ckjs esa fo}kuksa us vius er O;Dr fd;s gSaA yq.McxZ us ,sfrgkfld rF;ksa osQ
nks lzksrksa dk mYys[k fd;k gSµ(1) fyf[kr lkexzh tks izys[kksa] izkphu xzaFkksa] f'kykys[kksa] izkphu flDdksa ,oa bekjrksa
ij fn;s x, fooj.k osQ :i esa miyC/ gksrs gSaA (2) Hkw&oSKkfudksa }kjk [kqnkbZ ls izkIr oLrq,¡_ tSls ewfrZ;k¡] crZu
,oa vU; vo'ks"k vkfnA foUlsaV us ,sfrgkfld lkexzh osQ rhu lzksrksa dk mYys[k fd;k gSµ(i) fyf[kr lkexzh]
tSlsµdFkk,¡] o`rkar] Mk;fj;k¡] oa'kkofy;k¡] fp=k] flDosQ ,oa dykRed oLrq,¡] vkfn_ (ii) Lekjd fpÉ]
tSlsµekuo osQ vfLFkiatj] midj.k] O;kikfjd vfHkys[k] laLFkkRed Lo:i rFkk gLrf'kYi dh oLrq,¡_ vkfn
(iii) fofHkUu f'kykys[k ftudk laca/ izkphu n'kZu] ?kVukvksa ,oa yksd&lkfgR; ls gksrk gSA

Jherh ih- oh- ;ax (P.V. Young) us rhu izdkj osQ ,sfrgkfld lzksrksa dk mYys[k fd;k gSµ
(i) os izsys[k (Documents) rFkk vU; ,sfrgkfld lkexzh ftu rd bfrgkldkj dh Lo;a dh igq¡p gSA
(ii) lkaLÑfrd bfrgkl rFkk fo'ys"k.kkRed bfrgkl (Analytical History)% blosQ vUrxZr Mk;fj;k¡]
izkphu /kfeZd xzaFk] vkRedFkk,¡] xqIr izys[k] O;kikfjd le>kSrs rFkk ijEijk,¡ vkfn vkrs gSaA ftudk
vè;;u djuk gkWoMZ csdj (Howard Becker) ,sfrgkfld i¼fr osQ fy, vko';d ekurs gSaA
(iii) fo'oluh; fujh{kdksa rFkk xokgksa dh O;fDrxr lwpuk,¡% mi;qZDr lHkh lzksrksa }kjk ,sfrgkfld
lkexzh izkIr dh tk ldrh gS] fdUrq buesa ls fdldk dc] D;ksa vkSj fdruk mi;ksx fd;k tk;sxk] ;g
vuqla/kudrkZ osQ fu.kZ;] vè;;u dh leL;k] izÑfr ,oa {ks=k ij fuHkZj djrk gSA

,sfrgkfld i¼fr osQ pj.k (Steps of Historical Method)

,sfrgkfld i¼fr dk iz;ksx djus osQ fy, fuEukafdr pj.kksa ls xqtjuk iM+rk gSµ
1- leL;k dk pquko (Selection of problem)% bl fof/ }kjk vè;;u djrs le; loZizFke] leL;k dk
pquko fd;k tkrk gS ftldk 'kks/drkZ vè;;u djuk pkgrk gSA leL;k ,slh gksuh pkfg, ftldk ,sfrgkfld
fof/ }kjk vè;;u laHko gksA vè;;u&fo"k; ,slk gks (i) ftlesa vè;;udrkZ dh #fp gks_ (ii) ftlosQ ckjs esa
gesa FkksM+k&cgqr iwoZ Kku gks_ (iii) vè;;u&fo"k; gekjs lk/uksa dh lhek osQ vuq:i gks vFkkZr~ gekjs ikl
miyC/ /u] Je ,oa le; osQ vuq:i gks_ rFkk (iv) vè;;u&fo"k; mi;ksxh Hkh gksuk pkfg,A

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