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Methodology of Social Research

notes can neither be controlled nor can any changes be made in them. in this condition by use of research
process the study of various aspects of ancient records help us to reach some conclusion and find
some helpful result. through comparison of various records the measurement of important results
is possible. through this technique usually two such groups are selected in which one group is that
which is used for study and has some historical event associated with it whereas in second group no
such event has occurred. through the comparative study of these groups based on previous conditions
is used to find out what were the reasons for the occurrence of that event in that group, what factors
were responsible for the occurrence of that event.

Did You Know? This process is used to find out the factors responsible for the present state
or events basted upon previous state or event.

it would be reasonable to present an example based on this study here. Let us consider that we need
to study the effect of various welfare programs on scheduled tribes/scheduled caste people. for this
we need to select some historical facts. We need to find out which people are aware of such welfare
programs and who have taken advantage of such programs. Than we need to find out the people who
have taken advantage of this program belong to which age group, what educational level they have,
they are members of which tribes, what is their source of earning, in which location do they reside.
from such type of study we can determine that which particular tribes and from which particular
location do the people taking advantage of welfare program belong to.We can also find out that the
people who have taken advantage of which program, are they educated or uneducated and to which
age group the majority belong. We can also determine that who are the people taking advantage of
this program, are they farmers, are they agricultural labourers, are they artisans or are they people
who make use of forest resources to earn their livelihood or the labourers working in factories.After
some time the same people are examined through the same factors and thereafter with the help of
comparative study conclusions are derived.

9.2 Evaluation Research
today most of the nations are progressing in a planned direction. they are working together in a
welfare way. the nations which spend billions and trillions of money on development also want to
know what effect these programmes have on the people for which are they are made. today most of
the development programmes in the areas of poverty eradication, health, housing and family welfare,
crime, child-offence, coordinated village development etc. are done with the objective of measuring
the effectiveness of these programmes, to know what similarity exists between the targets set and the
results achieved, how forward can we move with the desired targets. With the help of such type of
research works we can evaluate the success and failure of any development programme. for example,
according to a study conducted by Dr. s.C. Dubey on a village named as shamerpet has said that
the group development programmes failed to achieve the public support in the desired level. the
programme neglected the human factors and resultantly the villagers did not accept the best schemes
designed for them. this is an example of evaluation research. since the year 1960, the trend towards this
type of research has increased in india. for evaluation of the group development programmes, indian
government has set up a permanent body termed as “Programme evaluation organization.”
According to Williamson, Corp and Dolphin, evaluation research in the real world is one such
discovery that helps to evaluate how successful have on the programmes been that have been made
for betterment of the people belonging to special group. it can be used to assess the effectiveness of
the particular programme. Where there exists a lesser difference between the targets set and the target
achieved, the programme is considered more successful. this evaluation is done with the objective

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