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Unit-9: Types of Research Design: Experimental and Cross-sectional or Comparative

so that the necessary changes can be made in the planned changes so as to make them more effective notes
and successful. This type of research is used to find why the programmes set up with the objective
of social changes have not been able to achieve the desired results and what steps should be taken to
taken to make them successful. from the above given explanation it is clear that the exploration used
for evaluation of the practical programmes aimed towards success and failure of the social direction
and transformation is termed as evaluation research. this type of research is a type of customary
research. this type of research has much of practical usage. But this does not mean that evaluation
research has no importance from the view point of genuine research. this type of research makes
use of all types of techniques which are used in a genuine or pure research. in this research, for the
evaluation of effectiveness of any programme, for understanding the people’s opinions, view-points,
emotions, etc.

Did You Know? Many government and non-government organizations in independent india
are engaged in evaluation research. Many researchers are also engaged in
such as type of research on an individual level.

Various departments such as Census departments, health department, education department, survey
and statistical department make use of such type of evaluation research. in this type of research, care
must be taken to ascertain that the study conducted must not be subjective instead of being scientific.
every programme must be evaluated in a correct manner, neither less nor more otherwise the results
would be dissatisfactory.

Task What is meant by evaluation research? Briefly describe.

9.3 Comparative Method

recently in the areas of social sciences the use of comparative method has been made for the study
of social happenings. in the comparative method, same group and the incidents of the same nature
occurring in that group are mutually compared and the similarity and dissimilarity between the two
is studied. incidents occurring in a particular society at various time periods and incidents of same
nature occurring in various societies at various places are also studied using this technique. for
example, the study to examine the effect of industrialization and urbanization in european family
and indian families we need to consider factors such as what new trends have evolved in them, what
similarities and differences exist between the changes in the two societies, etc. in the same way if we
want to compare the changes between the caste system in the new era and the caste system in the
Vedic times then we need to make use of the same technique. In this way, when we want to compare
the social incidents occurring in various groups, societies, places, etc. then we need to make use of
such technique.

9.4 Use of Comparative Method

Comparative method has been widely used by many researchers in sociology and anthropology. social
and cultural anthropologists have used this method for understanding social and cultural evolution.
the names of anthropologists who have use this method such as Morgan, Becofun, tagart, Henery

loVely professional uniVersity 61