Page 163 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

bdkbZµ17% losZ{k.k dh lhek,¡

^fMD'kujh vkWiQ lksf'k;ksykWth* (Dictionary of Sociology) osQ vuqlkj] ¶,d leqnk; osQ laiw.kZ thou ;k uksV
mlosQ fdlh ,d igyw tSls LokLF;] f'k{kk] euksjatu osQ lacaèk esa rF;ksa osQ cgqr&oqQN O;ofLFkr o foLr`r
ladyu o fo'ys"k.k dks gh eksVs rkSj ij losZ{k.k dgrs gSaA¸ oscLVj (Webster) 'kCndks'k osQ vuqlkj]
¶okLrfod tkudkjh izkIr djus osQ fy, fd;k x;k vkykspukRed fujh{k.k (inspection) gh lkekftd losZ{k.k
dgykrk gSA¸
mijksDr foospuk ls ;g Li"V gS fd lkekftd losZ{k.k okLro esa lkekftd thou osQ fdlh i{k] fo"k; ;k
leL;k osQ lacaèk esa fuHkZj;ksX; rF;ksa osQ ladyu o fo'ys"k.k djus dh ,d iz.kkyh gS tks fd oqQN oSKkfud
fl¼karksa o ekU;rkvksa (assumptions) ij vkèkkfjr gksus osQ dkj.k iz;ksxfl¼ fu"d"kks± dks fudkyus esa lgk;d
fl¼ gksrk gSA

17-1 lkekftd losZ{k.k dh ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Definitions of Social Survey)

lkekftd losZ{k.k dh ifjHkk"kk osQ lacaèk esa fo}kuksa esa ,d&er ugha gS D;ksafd mlosQ n`f"Vdks.kksa esa varj gSA oqQN
fo}kuksa us lkekftd losZ{k.k dks (v) ,d leqnk; osQ lkekU; thou osQ ,d vè;;u osQ :i esa ns[kk gS] rks
oqQN fo}kuksa us mls (c) O;kfèkdh; leL;kvksa o lekt&lqèkkj ls lacafèkr ekuk gS] rks vU; oqQN fo}kuksa us
lkekftd losZ{k.k dh (l) ,d oSKkfud i¼fr osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA vr% lkekftd losZ{k.k dh
ifjHkk"kk dh foospuk mijksDr rhuksa vkèkkjksa ij dj ysuk gh mfpr gksxkµ
(v) lkekftd losZ{k.k lkekU; lkekftd ?kVukvksa osQ ,d vè;;u osQ :i esa (Social Survey as
a study of General Social Phenomena)µizFke Js.kh osQ varxZr os fo}ku vkrs gSa tks fd viuh
ifjHkk"kk esa bl ckr ij cy nsrs gSa fd lkekftd losZ{k.k lkekU; lkekftd ?kVukvksa dk vè;;u gSA Jh osYl
(Wells) osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶lkèkkj.k rkSj ij lkekftd losZ{k.k dks fdlh fof'k"V {ks=k esa jgus okys ,d ekuo&lewg
dh lkekftd laLFkkvksa o fØ;kdykiksa (activities) osQ vè;;u osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk
gSA¸

uksV~l Jh flu ikvks ;kax (Hsin Pao Yang) osQ vuqlkj] ¶lkekftd losZ{k.k izk;% yksxksa osQ ,d lewg dh
jpuk] fØ;kdykiksa rFkk jgu&lgu dh n'kkvksa osQ lacaèk esa ,d tk¡p&iM+rky gSA¸

(c) lkekftd losZ{k.k O;kfèkdh; leL;kvksa o lekt&lqèkkj ls lacafèkr vè;;u osQ :i esa (Social
Survey as a study of Pathological Problems and Social Reform)µbl nwljh Js.kh osQ varxZr os
fo}ku vkrs gSa tks fd bl ckr ij cy nsrs gSa fd lkekftd losZ{k.k lkekftd leL;kvksa dk vè;;u lekt
lqèkkj osQ mís'; ls djrk gSA bl vFkZ esa lekt o mldh leL;kvksa dk vè;;u rFkk mu leL;kvksa osQ lekèkku
dh [kkst djosQ lkekftd dY;k.k djus osQ f}eq[kh mís'; dh iw£r lkekftd losZ{k.k djrk gSA Jherh ;ax
(P. V. Young) us Li"V gh fy[kk gS fd ¶lkekftd losZ{k.k (1) lekt&lqèkkj dh fdlh fØ;kRed ;kstuk
osQ fu:i.k (formulation) vkSj (2) fuf'pr HkkSxksfyd lhekvksa esa O;kIr rFkk fuf'pr lkekftd ifj.kkeksa
o lkekftd egÙo okyh fdlh izpfyr ;k rkRdkfyd O;kfèkdh; voLFkk osQ lqèkkj ls lacafèkr gS_ (3) bu
voLFkkvksa dh eki o rqyuk fdlh ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ lkFk gks losQ ftls fd vkn'kZ :i esa Lohdkj fd;k tk
losQA¸ bl vFkZ esa eki vkSj rqyuk dh oSKkfud fofèk;ksa }kjk ,d fuf'pr HkkSxksfyd {ks=k osQ fdlh ekuo&lewg
;k leqnk; osQ thou ls lacafèkr fdlh egÙoiw.kZ rkRdkfyd O;kfèkdh; leL;k dk vè;;u o lekt&lqèkkj dh
fØ;kRed ;kstuk dk fu:i.k gh lkekftd losZ{k.k gSA¸

Jh ctsZl (Burgess) osQ erkuqlkj] ¶,d leqnk; dk losZ{k.k lkekftd fodkl dh ,d jpukRed ifj;kstuk
izLrqr djus osQ mís'; ls fd;k x;k ml leqnk; dh n'kkvksa o vko';drkvksa dk oSKkfud vè;;u gSA

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