Page 165 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

bdkbZµ17% losZ{k.k dh lhek,¡

ladyu djus osQ fy, HkwriwoZ losZ{k.kksa dh lkexzh ls ykHk mBkrk gS vkSj muosQ vkèkkj ij u, fu;e [kkstrk gS uksV
rks og }Srh;d fo'ys"k.k&losZ{k.k dgykrk gSA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)
fjDr LFkkuksa dh iw£r djsaµ
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1- izpkj losZ{k.k turk esa mRiUu djrs vFkok fdlh HkkSfrd vFkok vHkkSfrd oLrq dk izpkj djus
osQ mís'; ls fd, tkrs gSaA
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2- ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dks liQy cukus osQ fy, bl izdkj dk vR;fèkd ykHknk;d fl¼ gksrk gSA
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3- osQoy rF;ksa dh ,df=kr djus osQ mís'; ls losZ{k.k fd;k tkrk gS rks mls dgrs gSaA
mi;qZDr izdkj osQ losZ{k.kksa osQ vfrfjDr losZ{k.k osQ vU; oqQN mYys[kuh; izdkj fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
1- tux.kuk losZ{k.k (Census Survey)µbl izdkj osQ losZ{k.k esa fdlh fo"k; ;k lacafèkr lHkh O;fDr;ksa
vFkkZr~ leLr tula[;k ls laioZQ LFkkfir djosQ lwpuk izkIr dh tkrh gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] bl izdkj osQ losZ{k.k
esa laiw.kZ tula[;k esa ls oqQN fun'kZuksa (Samples) dks pqudj vè;;u djus osQ LFkku ij lHkh dks vè;;u
dh bdkbZ eku fy;k tkrk gS vkSj muls lwpuk ,df=kr djosQ fu"d"kZ fudkyk tkrk gSA cgqr NksVs ;k lhfer
leqnk;ksa dk vè;;u blh izdkj osQ losZ{k.k }kjk fd;k tkrk gS] ij cM+s leqnk;ksa dk vè;;u bl :i esa djus
osQ fy, vR;fèkd] èku le; rFkk dk;ZdrkZvksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS ftldk Hkkj mBkuk ljdkj ;k vU; fdlh
laiUu laLFkk osQ }kjk gh laHko gksrk gSA Hkkjro"kZ esa izR;sd nlosa o"kZ bl izdkj dk losZ{k.k ljdkj }kjk djok;k
tkrk gS ftls tux.kuk (census) dgrs gSa vkSj ftlesa izR;sd ifjokj rFkk O;fDr osQ fo"k; esa vusd egÙoiw.kZ
tkudkjh izkIr dh tkrh gSA
2- fun'kZu losZ{k.k (Sample Survey)µ;g losZ{k.k cgqr&oqQN tux.kuk losZ{k.k dk foijhr :i gS vkSj
og bl vFkZ esa fd blesa tula[;k dh izR;sd bdkbZ dk vè;;u u djosQ osQoy oqQN ,slh bdkb;ksa dk vè;;u
fd;k tkrk gS tks fd laiw.kZ tula[;k dk mfpr izfrfufèkRo dj losaQ vkSj blhfy, bu fun'kZuksa (sample) dk
vè;;u djosQ tks fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS mlh dks laiw.kZ tula[;k ij ykxw dj fn;k tkrk gSA vkèkqfud tfVy o
fojkV~ leqnk;kas dk vè;;u djrs le; blh izdkj dk losZ{k.k fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd foLr`r {ks=k osQ lHkh euq";ksa
;k bdkb;ksa dk vè;;u djuk vR;ar dfBu gSA blfy, laiw.kZ tula[;k ls oqQN izfr'kr bdkb;ksa dks fun'kZu osQ
:i esa pqu fy;k tkrk gS vkSj osQoy mudk vè;;u djosQ laiw.kZ osQ fo"k; esa fu"d"kZ fudky fy;k tkrk gSA

3- fu;fer rFkk dk;Zokgd losZ{k.k (Regular and Addhoc Survey)µtc dksbZ LFkk;h foHkkx ;k
laLFkk oqQN fo"k;ksa ij fu;fer :i ls losZ{k.k djrh jgrh gS rks mls fu;fer losZ{k.k dgrs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ Hkkjr
ljdkj osQ tux.kuk foHkkx] fjtoZ cSad vkfn osQ }kjk tula[;k] lk[k lqfoèkk] cSadksa dh laifÙk vkfn osQ lacaèk
esa le;≤ ij fu;fer :i ls losZ{k.k fd;k tkrk gSA blosQ foijhr tc fdlh rkRdkfyd vko';drk ;k
mís'; dh iw£r osQ fy, fdlh vLFkk;h cankscLr osQ }kjk losZ{k.k fd;k tkrk gS rks mls dk;Zokgd losZ{k.k dgrs
gSaA blesa dksbZ LFkk;h izcaèk fd, fcuk vLFkk;h rkSj ij fdlh vè;;u ny (study team) dh fu;qfDr djosQ
lkekftd n`f"V ls fdlh rkRdkfyd mís'; dh iw£r osQ fy, losZ{k.k djk;k tkrk gSA fdlh ;kstuk dks cukrs
le; dbZ ckj ,sls egÙoiw.kZ iz'u chp esa gh mB [kM+s gksrs gSa ftuosQ fo"k; esa vko';d tkudkjh izkIr fd,
fcuk ;kstuk dks O;ofLFkr o vafre (final) :i iznku djuk laHko ugha gksrkA ,slh n'kk esa dk;Zokgd losZ{k.k
mi;ksxh fl¼ gksrs gSaA
4- vafre vkSj iqujkoÙkZd losZ{k.k (Final and Repetitive Survey)µ;fn vè;;u dk fo"k; cgqr de
ifjorZu'khy rFkk vR;fèkd lhfer gS rks mlosQ lacaèk esa ,d ckj vè;;u djosQ gh oqQN vafre fu"d"kZ fudky
fy, tkrs gSaA ,sls losZ{k.k dks vafre losZ{k.k dgrs gSaA ij vfèkdka'kr% lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;k¡] rF; ;k n'kk,¡
ifjorZu'khy gksus osQ dkj.k ;g vko';d gks tkrk gS fd ,d gh fo"k; ij ckj&ckj losZ{k.k fd, tk,¡ rkfd
ifjo£rrifjfLFkfr;ksa ;k n'kkvksa osQ lanHkZ esa iqjkus losZ{k.kksa osQ fu"d"kks± esa vko';d lqèkkj] ifjorZu ;k ifjo¼Zu

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