Page 170 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

lkekftd 'kks/ dh i¼fr

uksV 18-1 lekt'kkL=k dh vè;;u i¼fr;k¡ (Study Methods of Sociology)

tgk¡ rd lekt'kkL=k dh vè;;u i¼fr;ksa dk iz'u gS ,slk dgk tkrk gS fd lekt'kkL=k dh i¼fr;k¡ vfèkd
izkekf.kd ugha gSa ;|fi budh la[;k vR;fèkd gSA laHkor;k blhfy;s Úkalhlh xf.krK gsujh ikW;uosQ;j
(Poincare) us ,d ckj lekt'kkL=k dks lcls vfèkd i¼fr;ksa ,oa lcls de ifj.kkeksa okyk foKku dgk FkkA
Jh ikW;uosQ;j dk ,slk dguk cgqr cM+k nkok gSA Jh cksVkseksj us fy[kk gS] ¶ikW;uosQ;j dh mfDr esa lPpkbZ
;g gS fd lekt'kkL=k dh mfpr i¼fr;ksa osQ ckjs esa cgqr fookn jgk gS vkSj izR;sd lekt'kkL=kh; fl¼kardkj
dk (izR;sd vè;kReoknh dh rjg) >qdko fo"k; osQ izfr u;h i¼fr dks izLrkfor djus dk jgk gSA¸ Jh CkksVkseksj
dk ,slk fy[kus dk vfHkizk; ;gh gS fd lekt dk vè;;u vfèkd tfVy gS vkSj izÑfr osQ vè;;u osQ leku
ugha gSA

uksV~l fMYFks egksn; osQ ckn teZu bfrgkldkjksa us Hkh bl rF; dh vksj laosQr fd;kA okLro esa lekt'kkL=kh;
i¼fr;k¡ izkÑfrd foKkuksa dh i¼fr;ksa ls vè;;u&fo"k;] izÑfr vkfn osQ vkèkkj ij fHkUu gksrh gSaA

(A) ifjek.kkRed i¼fr;k¡ (Quantitative Methods)µ;s i¼fr;k¡ ewrZ rF;ksa dks la[;kRed vkèkkj ij
Li"V djrh gSaA
1- lkekftd losZ{k.k i¼fr ;k fofèk (Social Survey Method)µbl fofèk dk oSKkfud iz;ksx lcls
igys yhIys (Leplay) egksn; us fd;k FkkA
vFkZµJh ekoZQ ,czkEl (Mark Abrams) dk dguk gS] ¶lkekftd losZ{k.k ,d ,slh izfØ;k gS ftlosQ }kjk
lkekftd laxBu vkSj lkekftd fØ;k ls lacafèkr la[;kRed rF; ,d=k fd, tkrs gSaA¸

lekt'kkL=k dh vè;;u i¼fr;k¡
(Study Methods of Sociology)
fl
↓ ↓

fo'ks"k i¼fr;k¡ lkekU; i¼fr
(Special methods) (General method)
fl
↓ ↓
ifjek.kkRed i¼fr;k¡ xq.kkRed i¼fr;k¡
(Quantitative methods) (Qualitative methods)
↓ ↓

ewrZ rF;ksa dks la[;kRed vewrZ rF;ksa dks xq.kkRed
vkèkkj ij Li"V djrh gSaA vkèkkj ij Li"V djrh gaSA

dk;Z&fofèkµbl fofèk esa vusd Lrjksa esa dk;Z djuk gksrk gSA lcls igys fo"k; dk fuèkkZj.k djuk gksrk gSA blosQ
ckn {ks=k esa rF; ladfyr djus ls igys leLr midj.kksa vkSj lkèkuksa dks tkuuk gksrk gSA lkexzh ladyu osQ
lkèku fuf'pr gks tkus osQ ckn lkexzh ladyu dk dk;Z izkjaHk fd;k tkrk gSA lkexzh ladyu dk dk;Z fujh{k.k
(Observation), lk{kkRdkj (Interview), iz'ukoyh (Questionnaire), vuqlwph (Schedule) vkfn }kjk
lapkfyr fd;k tkrk gSA pkSFks Lrj ij lkexzh dk foospu djuk gksrk gSA oxhZdj.k] lkj.kh;u] fo'ys"k.k vkfn

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