Page 175 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

bdkbZµ18% xq.kkRed 'kksèk dh i¼fr ,oa rduhd

fun'kZu iz.kkyh ij vkèkkfjr u gksus osQ dkj.k vusd dfBukb;k¡ vkrh gSaA i{kikr dh Hkh laHkkouk cuh jgrh gSA uksV
oqQN Hkh gks] oS;fDrd thou vè;;u fofèk dh lekt'kkL=kh; vè;;u esa yksdfiz;rk c<+rh tk jgh gSA
3- lektfefr (Sociometry)µJh eksjsuks (Moreno) igys lekt'kkL=kh Fks ftUgksaus fo}kuksa dk è;ku bl
'kkL=k esa bl i¼fr dh vksj vkd£"kr fd;kA Jh ts¯uXl (Jenings) dk dguk gS] ¶lkekU; :i ls ;g i¼fr
fdlh fo'ks"k volj ij fdlh lewg osQ lnL;ksa osQ ikjLifjd lacaèkksa dks Li"V djus dh fofèk gSA¸

x.kukRed fofèk ls x.kuk dk irk yx tkrk gS] ckgj dh ckrsa Li"V gks tkrh gaSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] x.kuk djus ls ;g
rks Li"V gks tk;sxk fd ns'k esa fdruss O;fDr csdkj gSa] ijarq os D;ksa csdkj gSa] ;g Li"V ugha gks losQxkA bl
vkarfjd ckr dk irk yxkus osQ fy, lektfefr dk lgkjk ysuk iM+rk gSA bl n`f"V ls Jh eksjsuks us ,sls iSekus]
oqQN ,sls ekinaM cuk;s ftuls lekt dh vkarfjd izfØ;kvksa dk] jkx&}s"k dk osQoy o.kZu gh u fd;k tk losQ
vfirq bu iSekuksa ls mls ukik tk losQA

18-2 lekt'kkL=k dh lkekU; i¼fr@oSKkfud i¼fr
(General Method/Scientific Method of Sociology)

lekt'kkL=k us Hkh vU; foKkuksa }kjk ekU; i¼fr dks Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA bls lekt'kkL=k dh lkekU; i¼fr
;k oSKkfud i¼fr dgk tkrk gSA bl i¼fr osQ eq[; pj.k fuEu gSaµ
1- leL;k dk fuèkkZj.k (Formulation of Problem)µftl fo"k; ij ge fopkj dj jgs gksaxs ogh eq[;
leL;k dgyk;sxhA mnkgj.kkFkZ] cky vijkèk] csdkjh] fookg vkfn&vkfnA

D;k vki tkurs gSa eq[; leL;k dk fuf'pr dj ysuk vko';d gS rkfd vuqlaèkkudrkZ vius vè;;u dks
,d ¯cnq ij osaQfær dj ys vkSj bèkj&mèkj fc[kjus u nsA leL;k dk fuèkkZj.k dj ysus
ls vè;;u&dk;Z esa fuf'prrk ykbZ tk ldrh gSA

2- midYiuk dk fuekZ.k (Formulation of Hypothesis)µoxhZdj.k osQ ckn] vkèkkj esa tks fu;e dke
dj jgk gksrk gS mls fudky fy;k tkrk gS D;ksafd vHkh bl fu;e dh iqf"V ckdh gksrh gS blfy;s bls vHkh
fu;e ugha ekurs gSaA
3- voyksdu (Observation)µvoyksdu nks izdkj dk gks ldrk gSµ
(i) lgHkkxh (Participant)µftlesa lewg dk lnL; cudj fujh{k.k djuk gksrk gSA
(ii) vlgHkkxh (Non-participant)µftlesa lewg osQ ckgjh lnL; osQ :i esa fujh{k.k fd;k tkrk gSA

4- lkexzh ladyu (Collection of data)µvoyksfdr rF;ksa dks uksV dj fy;k tkrk gSA rF;ksa dks uksV dj
ysuk blfy;s vko';d gS D;ksafd Lej.k&'kfDr osQ vkèkkj ij lc rF;ksa dks ;kn ugha j[kk tk ldrk gSA
5- lkexzh dk oxhZdj.k (Classification of Data)µlaiw.kZ lkexzh ,df=kr djosQ mls Øec¼ :i fn;k
tkrk gSA blh Øec¼rk dks oxhZdj.k dgk tkrk gSA oxhZdj.k dk ;g ifj.kke gksrk gS fd lSdM+ksa ckrsa ik¡p] lkr
eq[; oxks± esa c¡V tkrh gSaA
6- ijh{k.k (Verification)µbl 'kkL=k esa ijh{k.k ?kVukvksa ij ugha fd;k tkrk oju~ bl fudys gq, fu;e
dh O;kid fl¼karksa osQ izdk'k esa ijh{kk dh tkrh gSA bl ijh{kk osQ ckn gh midYiuk osQ varxZr tks fu;e dke
dj jgk gksrk gS mls fu;e eku fy;k tkrk gSA

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