Page 264 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

lkekftd 'kks/ dh i¼fr

uksV Hkfo"; osQ fo"k; esa vuqeku yxkuk gekjs fy, ljy gks tkrk gSA fopyu gesa vius lqfuf'pr fu"d"kZ ls fopfyr
gksus ls cpkrk gS] cpkrk gS Hkzeiw.kZ Kku lsA

28-1 fopyu ;k fo{ksi.k dh eki (Measures of Variation or Dispersion)

fopyu dk vFkZ (Meaning of Variation)
fopyu vFkok fo{ksi.k (Dispersion) og xq.k gS ftlls ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd inksa osQ eku muosQ eè;ekuksa
(;k ekè;] ewY;ksa) ls fdl lhek rd fopfyr gSaA ;g lp gS fd ekè; ewY;ksa (ekè;] eè;kad o cgqyd)
ls lEiw.kZ Js.kh dh osQUnzh; izo`fÙk dk irk yx tkrk gSA ijUrq blosQ }kjk Js.kh osQ fofHkUu inewY;ksa
dk iw.kZ rFkk fuf'pr Kku fo'ks"kdj ml voLFkk esa ugha gks ikrk gS tcfd eè;eku rFkk vU; inewY;ksa
esa vf/d vUrj gksrk gSA O;kogkfjd n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[kk tk;s rks vusd LFky ,sls vkrs gSa tgk¡ eè;eku
Hkzked ifj.kke iznku djrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ % ;fn fdlh ifjokj osQ ikap O;fDr;ksa dh vkenuh ozQe'k%
20] 60] 200] 50 vkSj 70 #i;s gks rks mudh vkenuh dk eè;eku 80 #ú gqvkA ;fn gesa bu ikapksa
vkadM+ksa dk i`Fko~Q&i`Fko~Q Kku u gks rks eè;eku osQ vk/kj ij ge ;gh le>saxs fd ifjokj osQ izR;sd
O;fDr dh vkenuh 80 ;k 80 #i;s osQ vklikl gksxh tcfd okLrfod fLFkfr blls dgha fHkUu gSA vr%
,slh n'kkvksa esa fdlh ,sls eki (Measure) dh vko';drk iM+rh gS tks vf/d&ls&vfèkd inewY;ksa
dh tkudkjh djk ns vFkkZr~ inewY;ksa dk eè;eku ls fdruk fopyu gSA bUgha ekiksa dks fopyu osQ eki
dgk tkrk gSA
fopyu osQ vFkZ dks ,d vkSj mnkgj.k }kjk Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA eku yhft,] nks fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ
pkj fo"k;ksa esa izkIrkad 28] 60] 60] 92 vkSj 56] 60] 60] 64 gSa tcfd izR;sd fo"k; esa iw.kk±d 100
vkSj ikl gksus osQ fy;s 33 vad vko';d gSaA bu fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ Lrj dks tkuus osQ fy, ;fn lekUrj
ekè; Kkr djsa rks mldk eku nksuksa fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ fy, 60 vkrk gSA vr% bl vk/kj ij nksuksa fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dk Lrj leku izrhr gksrk gS] tcfd okLro esa ,slk ugha gS D;ksafd igyk fo|kFkhZ igys fo"k; esa vuqÙkh.kZ
(failed) gS] tcfd nwljk fo|kFkhZ izR;sd fo"k; esa mÙkh.kZ gSA vr% Li"V gS fd osQoy eè;eku osQ vkèkkj
ij gh Js.kh osQ Li:i dk iw.kZ Kku ugha gks ldrkA

D;k vki tkurs gSa ;g Hkh tkuuk vko';d gS fd Js.kh dk izR;sd in ekè; ls fdruh nwjh ij gS ;k fdruk
fc[kjk gqvk gSA bl fc[kjko dks gh fopyu ;k fo{ksi.k dgrs gSaA

fopyu dh ekisa (Measuring of Dispersion)

fopyu dh eq[; ekisa bl izdkj gSaµ
(1) ifjlj (Range)

(2) prqFkk±'kh; fopyu (Quartile Deviation)
(3) ekè; fopyu (Mean Deviation)
(d) lekUrj ekè; ls

([k) eè;kad ls
(x) cgqyd ls
(4) ekud fopyu (Standard Deviation)

258 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY