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Principles and Practices of Management




                    Notes          important place in the  modern world  that the  welfare of the people  and the destiny of the
                                   country are very much influenced by it.

                                   1.1 Definition of Management


                                   Management may be defined in many different ways. Many eminent authors on the subject have
                                   defined the term “management”, some of these definitions are reproduced below:
                                   According to Lawrence A Appley, “Management is the development  of people and not the
                                   direction of things”.
                                   According to Joseph Massie, “Management is defined as the process by which a co-operative
                                   group directs action towards common goals”.

                                   In the  words of George R  Terry, “Management is a  distinct process  consisting of  planning,
                                   organising, actuating and controlling performed to determine and accomplish the objectives by
                                   the use of people and resources”.
                                   According to James L Lundy, “Management is principally the task of planning, co-ordinating,
                                   motivating and controlling the efforts of others towards a specific objective”.
                                   In the words of Henry Fayol, “To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organise, to command, to
                                   co-ordinate and to control”.

                                   According to Peter F Drucker, “Management is a multi-purpose organ that manages a business
                                   and manages managers and manages worker and work”.
                                   In the words of J.N.  Schulze, “Management is the force which leads, guides and directs an
                                   organisation in the accomplishment of a pre-determined object”.
                                   In the words of Koontz and O’Donnel, “Management is defined as the creation and maintenance
                                   of an internal environment in an enterprise where individuals working together in groups can
                                   perform efficiently and effectively towards the attainment of group goals”.
                                   According to Ordway Tead, “Management is the process and agency which directs and guides
                                   the operations of an organisation in realising of established aims”.
                                   According to Stanley Vance, “Management is simply the process of decision-making and control
                                   over the actions of human beings for the express purpose of attaining pre-determined goals”.
                                   According to Wheeler, “Business management is a human activity which directs and controls
                                   the organisation  and operation  of a  business  enterprise.  Management is  centred in  the
                                   administrators of managers of the firm who integrate men, material and money into an effective
                                   operating limit”.
                                   In the words of William Spriegel, “Management is that function of an enterprise which concerns
                                   itself with the direction and control of the various activities to attain the business objectives”.
                                   In the words of S. George, “Management consists of getting things done through others. Manager
                                   is one who accomplishes the objectives by directing the efforts of others”.
                                   In the words of Keith and Gubellini, “Management is the force that integrates men and physical
                                   plant into an effective operating unit”.
                                   According to Newman, Summer and Warren, “The job of management is to make cooperative
                                   endeavour to function properly.  A manager  is one who gets  things done  by working  with
                                   people and other resources”.
                                   According to John F M, “Management may be defined as the art of securing maximum results
                                   with a minimum of effort so as to secure maximum results with a minimum of effort so as to




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