Page 26 - DMGT405_FINANCIAL%20MANAGEMENT
P. 26

Financial Management



                      Notes         Using this formula, future values can be calculated for any interest rate and any number of time
                                    periods. To obtain the future value of any principal other than   1, we multiply the principal by
                                    the factor for the future value of   1.
                                              fv = (1 + i)n
                                    or        fv = Pf
                                    where f is the factor in the future value of   1, with interest rate i and number of periods n.


                                           Example: XYZ  Company invests    40,00,000 in certificates of  deposit that earn 16%
                                    interest per year, compounded semi-annually. What will be the future value of this investment
                                    at the end of 5 years when the company plans to use it to build a new plant?
                                    Solution: Compounding  is semi-annual  and there are 5  years,  so the number  of half-year
                                    periods is 10. The semi-annual interest rate is half of the 16% annual rate or 8%. With i = 8% and
                                    n = 10, the factor in the table is 2.15892. Multiplying this factor by the principal investment, we
                                    get:
                                              fv = P × f (n = 10, i = 8%)
                                                =    40,00,000 × 2.15892

                                                = 86,35,680

                                    Self Assessment
                                    Fill in the blanks:
                                    1.   The compensation for waiting is the time value of money, called…………..
                                    2.   The future value includes the original principal and the……………………..

                                    3.   The future value varies with the interest rate, the …………….frequency and the number of
                                         periods.

                                    2.2 Present Value of Single Amount

                                    If   1 can be invested at 8% today to become   1.08 in the future, then   1 is the present value of
                                    the future amount of   1.08. The present value of future receipts of money is important in
                                    business decision-making. It is necessary to decide how much future receipts are worth today in
                                    order to determine whether an investment should be made or how much should be invested.
                                    Finding the present value of future receipts involves discounting the future value to the present.
                                    Discounting is the opposite  of compounding. It involves  finding  the present value of some
                                    future amount of money that is assumed to include interest accumulations.

                                    Present Value of   1
                                    Knowing the present value of   1 is useful because it enables us to find the present value of any
                                    future payment. Assuming 8% interest per period, a table of present values of   1 can be constructed
                                    as follows:

                                    Present value of  1 discounted for 1 period at 8% =  1.0/1.08 =  0.92593
                                    Present value of  1 discounted for 2 periods at 8% =  0.92593/1.08 =  0.85734
                                    Present value of  1 discounted for 3 periods at 8% =  0.85734/1.08 =  0.79383






            20                               LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
   21   22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31