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Indian Economy

Notes public consumption like drinking water, electricity medical and educational facilities.
This has condensed the chances of relaxing a larger amount of incomes to saving and
investment. Therefore, population development has produced problems in the way of
first progress of the economy and retarded the growth of job opportunities.
2. Limited Land: Land is the gift of nature. It is always constant and cannot increase as
population increases. Subsequently, Indian population growing fast, consequently, the
land is not enough for the growing population. As an outcome, there is substantial stress
on the land. In countryside areas, most of the people rely directly on land for their livelihood.
Land is very restricted in comparison to population. It makes the unemployment condition
for a large number of persons who depend on agriculture in rural areas.
3. Seasonal Agriculture: In Rural Society agriculture is the only sources of employment.
Still, most of the rural people are promised directly as well as circuitously in agricultural
operation. But, agriculture in India is principally a seasonal affair. It delivers employment
amenities to the rural people only in a specific period of the year.

Example: During the sowing and harvesting period, people are fully employed and the
period between the post-harvest and before the next sowing they remain unemployed. It has
adversely affected their standard of living.
4. Fragmentation of land: In India, due to the heavy stress on land of huge population results
the disintegration of land. It creates a great obstacle in the part of agriculture. As land is
fragmented and agricultural work is delayed the people who depend on agriculture remain
jobless. This has an opposing effect on the work situation. It also leads to the poverty of
villagers.
5. Backward Method of Agriculture: You must understand that the technique of agriculture
in India is very diffident. Till now, the rural farmers followed the old farming systems. As
a consequence, the farmer cannot feed appropriately many people by the harvest of his
farm and he is incapable to give his children proper education or to involve them in any
profession. It leads to unemployment problem.
6. Decline of Cottage Industries: You must understand that in Rural India, village or cottage
industries are the only means of employment specifically of the evicted people. They
depend directly on numerous cottage industries for their livelihood. But, now-a-days,
these are unfavourably affected by the industrial development process. In fact, it is found
that they cannot participate with modern factories in matter or production. As a result of
which the village industries agonise a severe loss and gradually closing down. Due to this,
the people who work in there continue to be unemployed and incapable to maintain their
livelihood.
7. Defective Education: The everyday education is very substandard and is established within
the class room only. Its main purpose is to obtain certificate only. The current educational
system is not concerned with job, it is degree oriented. It is imperfect on the ground that
is more common than the vocational. Therefore, the people who have receiving overall
education are incapable to do any work. They are to be named as decent for nothing in the
ground that they cannot have any job here; they can find the ways of self-employment. It
leads to unemployment as well as underemployment.
8. Lack of Transport and Communication: In India mostly in rural areas, there are no
satisfactory amenities of transport and communication. Due to this, the village people
who are not involved in agricultural work are continued unemployed. It is because they
are incapable to start any business for their source of revenue and they are restricted only
within the limited boundary of the village. It is noted that the modern means of transport

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