Page 216 - DCAP310_INTRODUCTION_TO_ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_AND_EXPERT_SYSTEMS

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems

Notes Self Assessment

State whether the following statements are true or false:
7. In binary classification, precision is analogous to negative predictive value.
8. Recognition of a feature in the given 3D model is an essential computational part feature-
based processing of geometric models.
9. Structure-based test design techniques are a good way of generating additional test cases
that are different from existing tests.

11.4 Integrating Knowledge in Memory

Knowledge integration is the process of synthesizing multiple knowledge models (or
representations) into a common model (representation).

Comparison of information integration involves merging information having different schemas
and representation models, knowledge integration focuses more on synthesizing the
understanding of a given subject from different perspectives.

Example: Multiple interpretations are possible of a set of student grades, typically each
from a certain perspective.
An overall, integrated view and understanding of this information can be achieved if these
interpretations can be put under a common model, say, a student performance index. The
Web-based Inquiry Science Environment (WISE), from the University of California at Berkeley
has been developed along the lines of knowledge integration theory.
Knowledge integration has also been studied as the process of incorporating new information
into a body of existing knowledge with an interdisciplinary approach. This process involves
determining how the new information and the existing knowledge interact, how existing
knowledge should be modified to accommodate the new information, and how the new
information should be modified in light of the existing knowledge.
A learning agent that actively investigates the consequences of new information can detect and
exploit a variety of learning opportunities; e.g., to resolve knowledge conflicts and to fill
knowledge gaps. By exploiting these learning opportunities the learning agent is able to learn
beyond the explicit content of the new information. The machine learning program KI, developed
by Murray and Porter at the University of Texas at Austin, was created to study the use of
automated and semi-automated knowledge integration to assist knowledge engineers
constructing a large knowledge base. A possible technique which can be used is semantic matching.
More recently, a technique useful to minimize the effort in mapping validation and visualization
has been presented which is based on Minimal Mappings. Minimal mappings are high quality
mappings such that (i) all the other mappings can be computed from them in time linear in the
size of the input graphs, and (ii) none of them can be dropped.

11.4.1 Hypertext

A special type of database system, invented by Ted Nelson in the 1960s, in which objects (text,
pictures, music, programs, and so on) can be creatively linked to each other. When you select an
object, you can see all the other objects that are linked to it. You can move from one object to
another even though they might have very different forms.

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